HHP Flashcards
What are the benefits of water fluoridation?
- Less toothache
- Fewer extractions
- Fewer fillings
- More cost effective
- 50% caries reduction
Anti-fluoridation activists claim that fluoridated water can cause…
- AIDS
- Cancer
- Mottling
- Diabetes
- Down’s Syndrome
- Allergies
- Bone fraction
What are the 5 key points of the Ottawa Charter
- Building healthy public policy
- Creating a supportive environment
- Strengthening community action
- Developing personal skills
- Reorienting health services
What are the 5 main definitions of health?
Bio-medical - health is freedom from disease or abnormalities
WHO - a complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing
Sociological - a state of optimum capacity - for the effective performance of a role or task
Humanistic - optimal autonomy, self modesty and positive perception of life
Public - perception of health is constantly changing
What is the definition of illness?
illness is a subjective state which is experienced by an individual
What is the definition of disease?
Disease is a pathological condition recognised by indications agreed among biomedical practitioners, identified by signs and symptoms
What is the definition of sickness?
Sickness is the social state that results as a consequence of feeling ill or being diseased. It is reflected in a changed lifestyle.
What are the different types of factors that can affect health?
- Fixed factors
- Environmental factors
- Socio-economic factors
- lifestyle factors
- access to services
- behaviour
Give the department of health definition of oral health
A standard of health of the oral and related tissues which enables an individual to eat, speak and socialise without active disease, discomfort or embarrassment.
Give the creators and date of the health belief model
Becker and Milman, 1975
Name four inequalities affecting oral health
Age
social class
area of residence
race
what four factors contribute to health promotion?
Health education
health protection
Prevention
Licensing and lobbying for legislation
Name the 7 partners in oral health
health professionals government bodies local authorities education charities international governments industry e.g. water board
What is the WHO definition of health education?
Health education is the process by which people are given information to enable them to exercise a greater degree of control over their health
What percentage of public expenditure goes on oral health?
5-10%
What are the main sections of the toolkit?
Tooth brushing Diet Fluoride Smoking cessation Alcohol misuse
Give three functions of PCTs
- Engage with the local authority to improve health and wellbeing
- commissioning high quality and effective services
- providing the best value
What is the jarmin index used for?
to quantify deprived areas.
What are the main functions of the heart?
- propel blood through blood vessels to the various organs
- to carry oxygen and nutrients in the blood to tissues and remove waste products
- perform sensory and endocrine functions in order to regulate cardiac output variables such as blood pressure and volume
Describe which sides the tricuspid and bicuspid valves occupy and how many ligaments hold them in place
Tricuspid - right hand side - 3 ligaments
Bicuspid - left hand side - 2 ligaments
What name is given to the ligaments that prevent valves from turning inside out?
Chordae tendineae
Define Myogenic
myogenic muscle fibres in the heart signal themselves, they contract involuntarily
Define Auto rhythmic
the ability pf the heart to generate its own rhythm
Define pacemaker cells
pacemaker cells can spontaneously generate action potentials
