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Past paper questions (IOE/HHP) > HHP > Flashcards

HHP Flashcards

1
Q

What are the benefits of water fluoridation?

A
  • Less toothache
  • Fewer extractions
  • Fewer fillings
  • More cost effective
  • 50% caries reduction
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2
Q

Anti-fluoridation activists claim that fluoridated water can cause…

A
  • AIDS
  • Cancer
  • Mottling
  • Diabetes
  • Down’s Syndrome
  • Allergies
  • Bone fraction
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3
Q

What are the 5 key points of the Ottawa Charter

A
  • Building healthy public policy
  • Creating a supportive environment
  • Strengthening community action
  • Developing personal skills
  • Reorienting health services
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4
Q

What are the 5 main definitions of health?

A

Bio-medical - health is freedom from disease or abnormalities
WHO - a complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing
Sociological - a state of optimum capacity - for the effective performance of a role or task
Humanistic - optimal autonomy, self modesty and positive perception of life
Public - perception of health is constantly changing

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5
Q

What is the definition of illness?

A

illness is a subjective state which is experienced by an individual

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6
Q

What is the definition of disease?

A

Disease is a pathological condition recognised by indications agreed among biomedical practitioners, identified by signs and symptoms

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7
Q

What is the definition of sickness?

A

Sickness is the social state that results as a consequence of feeling ill or being diseased. It is reflected in a changed lifestyle.

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8
Q

What are the different types of factors that can affect health?

A
  • Fixed factors
  • Environmental factors
  • Socio-economic factors
  • lifestyle factors
  • access to services
  • behaviour
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9
Q

Give the department of health definition of oral health

A

A standard of health of the oral and related tissues which enables an individual to eat, speak and socialise without active disease, discomfort or embarrassment.

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10
Q

Give the creators and date of the health belief model

A

Becker and Milman, 1975

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11
Q

Name four inequalities affecting oral health

A

Age
social class
area of residence
race

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12
Q

what four factors contribute to health promotion?

A

Health education
health protection
Prevention
Licensing and lobbying for legislation

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13
Q

Name the 7 partners in oral health

A 
health professionals
government bodies
local authorities
education
charities
international governments
industry e.g. water board
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14
Q

What is the WHO definition of health education?

A

Health education is the process by which people are given information to enable them to exercise a greater degree of control over their health

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15
Q

What percentage of public expenditure goes on oral health?

A

5-10%

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16
Q

What are the main sections of the toolkit?

A 
Tooth brushing
Diet
Fluoride
Smoking cessation
Alcohol misuse
17
Q

Give three functions of PCTs

A
  • Engage with the local authority to improve health and wellbeing
  • commissioning high quality and effective services
  • providing the best value
18
Q

What is the jarmin index used for?

A

to quantify deprived areas.

19
Q

What are the main functions of the heart?

A
  • propel blood through blood vessels to the various organs
  • to carry oxygen and nutrients in the blood to tissues and remove waste products
  • perform sensory and endocrine functions in order to regulate cardiac output variables such as blood pressure and volume
20
Q

Describe which sides the tricuspid and bicuspid valves occupy and how many ligaments hold them in place

A

Tricuspid - right hand side - 3 ligaments

Bicuspid - left hand side - 2 ligaments

21
Q

What name is given to the ligaments that prevent valves from turning inside out?

A

Chordae tendineae

22
Q

Define Myogenic

A

myogenic muscle fibres in the heart signal themselves, they contract involuntarily

23
Q

Define Auto rhythmic

A

the ability pf the heart to generate its own rhythm

24
Q

Define pacemaker cells

A

pacemaker cells can spontaneously generate action potentials

25
Q

Define conduction fibres

A

conduction fibres conduct action potentials through the heart

26
Q

What does an ECG do?

A

an ECG records the spread of electrical activity through the heart as a function of time through the cardiac cycle.

27
Q

Describe the electrical activity of cardiac contractile cells

A

cardiac contractile cells are responsible for contraction of the heart through several stages:

  • depolarisation
  • repolarisation
  • plateau
  • repolarisation
  • resting potential
28
Q

Define the stages of an ECG

A 
P wave - atrial depolarisation
QRS complex - Ventricular depolarisation
T wave - Ventricular repolarisation
P-Q interval - AV node conduction time
T-Q interval - Ventricular diastole
R-R interval - Time between heart beats
29
Q

What are arrhythmias?

A

Abnormal heart rates

Past paper questions (IOE/HHP) (4 decks)

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