HHD - last sac Flashcards
Analyse the relationship between SDG 3 ‘Good health and well-being’ and SDG 4 ‘Quality education’ in improving health and well-being and human development globally (8 marks)
The relationship between SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 4 (Quality Education) is crucial for enhancing global health and promoting human development. Access to quality education helps reduce maternal mortality rates by enabling educated children to marry later, ensuring women are physically ready for childbirth. Education increases health literacy, empowering individuals to prevent diseases like HIV and malaria, while educated mothers are more likely to immunise their children, lowering infant mortality rates. Furthermore, quality education improves employment opportunities, boosting income and allowing families to achieve a decent standard of living and access essential healthcare. It also promotes health-enhancing behaviours, such as hygiene practices, and fosters a sense of belonging in children, enhancing their mental and spiritual health and wellbeing.
Identify and describe a priority of the world health organisation (WHO) and explain how this priority can reduce the spread of tuberculosis (4 marks)
One priority of the World Health Organization (WHO) is Addressing Health Emergencies, which focuses on preparing for and responding to health crises like infectious disease outbreaks. This priority is important for reducing the spread of tuberculosis (TB) during emergencies, as it allows for quick identification and isolation of cases, preventing further transmission. The WHO also coordinates resources to strengthen healthcare systems, helping them manage more patients and maintain treatment.
Explain how SDG 6 ‘Clean water and sanitation’ is interrelated with SDG 3 ‘Good health and well-being’’ (6 marks)
SDG 6, which focuses on clean water and sanitation, is closely related to SDG 3, aimed at promoting good health and well-being. Universal access to clean water helps combat waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid, significantly reducing illness and death rates associated with these conditions. Additionally, by decreasing the risk of diarrheal diseases, particularly in children, it contributes to lower infant and under-five mortality rates. Improved sanitation facilities, especially for girls in schools, enhance attendance and allow for the development of health literacy, including knowledge about spacing births, which can reduce maternal mortality risks.
Women and children are both a specific focus of SDG 3, discuss how fighting inequality and justice assist in promoting each of the areas of SDG 3 (4 marks)
Fighting inequality and promoting justice are vital for achieving SDG 3, which focuses on maternal and child health, communicable diseases, and non-communicable diseases. In maternal and child health, ensuring women have access to skilled birth attendants and reproductive care helps reduce maternal mortality from complications like sepsis. For communicable diseases, removing social barriers allows marginalised communities to access important resources, such as vaccinations for tuberculosis and treatments for HIV/AIDS. In non-communicable diseases, promoting equality improves access to education and resources that encourage healthier lifestyles, reducing risks for conditions like type 2 diabetes.
Social factor influencing tuberculosis
Social factors can significantly play a role when controlling and transmitting diseases like tuberculosis. Examples include poverty, which reduces access to healthcare, decent food, and sufficient shelter, increasing susceptibility to tuberculosis and preventing treatment. Malnutrition affects the immune system, leaving people more vulnerable. Low education levels can contribute to a lack of knowledge about tuberculosis symptoms and prevention, while overcrowded and unclean living situations may worsen its spread.
Emergency, multilateral, bilateral aid - examples for each ad explain how it affects something (4 marks)
Emergency aid provides rapid assistance during crises, such as natural disasters or conflict, by delivering essentials like food, water, and shelter, which helps stabilise affected communities. Bilateral aid involves one country’s government supporting another, often through infrastructure projects like building schools or medical clinics, which improves education and healthcare access. Multilateral aid combines contributions from multiple countries and is coordinated by organisations like the World Bank, addressing global issues such as poverty and disease control. These forms of aid are important for reducing immediate needs (em), promoting long-term development (bi), and enhancing overall global well-being (multi)
One example of australia’s aid program, but can’t be world vision
The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is responsible for managing Australia’s foreign aid program, overseeing funding allocation and implementation of development initiatives. DFAT develops strategic frameworks to address poverty, promote economic growth, and improve health and education outcomes in developing countries. By collaborating with NGOs and international organisations, DFAT ensures effective delivery of aid and conducts monitoring and evaluation to assess the impact of its programs.
3 rationales of the SDG’s
A NEW SET OF GOALS AND TARGETS…to ensure progress made by the MDGs was continued. Provide global framework of action for eg. poverty, education, health and wellbeing, hunger and the environment
PROGRESS IN ALL AREAS THAT WAS UNEVEN…across regions and countries not experiencing the same rate of progress. Disadvantaged groups need to be addressed and/or targeted as there are still too many inequalities in health globally eg. poorest and those disadvantaged due to sex, age, ethnicity or geographical location
NEW GLOBAL CHALLENGES…had emerged that needed to be considered as they can reduce and reverse the positive impact of SDGs eg. conflict and extremism, widespread migration, economic and financial instability and large-scale environmental changes.
Overall objective of the SDG’s - why they’re important
FIGHT INEQUALITY AND JUSTICE: it is important as millions of people around the world face persecution due to factors such as sex, religion and race, decreasing their ability to lead a happy and healthy life
TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE: it is important as climate change can impact the ability of people to access clean air, safe water and adequate food. This can mean that people die from preventable diseases
END EXTREME POVERTY: It is important because millions of individuals live in conditions that prevent them from meeting their basic needs, limiting their access to education, healthcare, and opportunities for a better life, ultimately undermining their potential and well-being.
Australia’s aid program
PURPOSE: to promote our national interests by contributing to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction through partnerships and types of aid produce goods/services for trade
WHY?
Can help reduce the threat of global diseases that are more common in developing countries and can easily spread to Australia and other countries (malaria)
By reducing poverty, this can provide more trading opportunities for Australia and assist in strengthening our own economy.
Eliminating poverty can also assist in reducing the level of global conflict because less people are fighting for resources (food, shelter)
AUSTRALIA CONTRIBUTES TO AID PROGRAMS IN A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT WAYS:
**forming different partnerships
Emergency aid: This is provided in times of disaster and crisis, directly to the country and area affected. Australia is able to respond quickly in times of crisis and provides lifesaving resources (food, water, shelter)
Eg. COVID vaccines given to Indo-Pacific countries
Bilateral aid programs: Working with the government of another country to supply aid, like training of medical professionals or building bridges and roads. The Australian Government provides direct aid to countries, increasing effectiveness of Australian aid as experience and resources can be combined with other countries
Eg. DFAT helped Fiji improve literacy + numeracy rates at schools by building schools or training teachers
NGO’s and how it promotes health and wellbeing, human development
Red Cross
What it aims to do:
To improve lives of vulnerable people in Australia and internationally through the power of people
How it promotes H&W + HD:
The focus on H&W (water, sanitation and hygiene) – by Installing safe drinking and water facilities in villages in Myanmar’s dry zone = reduces time women spend collecting water, increases their safety and enables them to pursue education and business opportunities = form friendships and meaningful connections with peers (social H&W). By girls attending school this improves their literacy and numeracy skills so that they can participate in decision making and the community.
