HHD EXAM Flashcards
H&W
The state of a person’s physical, social,
emotional, mental and spiritual
existence, characterised by an
equilibrium in which the individual feels
happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
Physical H&W
relates to the functioning of
the body and its systems
-adequate sleep
- maintain ideal body weight
- free from disease/injury
Mental H&W
the current state of wellbeing
relating to a person’s mind or brain and
the ability to think and process
information.
- Low levels of stress
- high self esteem
Social H&W
Relates to the ability to form
meaningful and satisfying relationships
with others and the ability to manage or
adapt appropriately to different social
situations.
- Supportive network of friends
- effective communication skills
Emotional H&W
elates to the ability to
express emotions and feelings in a
positive way.
- High levels of resilience
- effectively manage emotions
Spiritual H&W
relates to ideas, beliefs,
values and ethics that arise in the minds
and conscience of human beings.
- A sense of belonging
- positive meaning and purpose of life
Health as a resource individually
gain an education/employment
sleep well and exercise
Health as a resource nationally
health systems savings
increased productivity/ higher
average incomes
longer, healthier lives
health as a resource globally
reduces risk of disease transmission
across countries
promotes sustainability
dynamic
continually changing
Subjective
influenced by or based on
personal beliefs, feelings or opinions
disease
a physical or mental disturbance
involving symptoms, dysfunction or
tissue damag
illness
a subjective concept related to personal
experience of a disease or injury.
how smoking effects HS AND BOD
respiratory conditions (e.g. asthma)
lung, mouth and stomach cancer
increased risk of infection
how alcohol effects HS AND BOD
liver disease (e.g. cirrhosis)
injuries (road traffic, self harm)
how high BMI effects HS AND BOD
CVD, type 2 diabetes
osteoarthritis & osteoporosis
underconsumption of fruit and veg effects on HS AND BOD
high BMI and associated conditions
neural tube defects
underconsumption of dairy effects on HS AND BOD
osteoporosis & dental caries
high intake of at effects on HS AND BOD
high BMI and type 2 diabetes
high intake of salt effects on HS AND BOD
osteoporosis & CVD
high intake of sugar effects on HS AND BOD
dental caries and disease
low intake of fibre effects on HS AND BOD
colorectal cancer
low intake of iron effects on HS AND BOD
anaemia
Incidence
NEW cases of a condition
prevalence
TOTAL cases of condition
Morbidity
Ill health in an individual and
levels of ill health within a population
BOD
A measure of the
impact of diseases and injuries
DALY
YLL
(years of life lost) + YLD (years lost due
to disability)
LE
The number of years of
life, on average, remaining to an
individual at a particular age if death
rates do not change.
Mortality
Number of deaths in a population. Infant
is 0-1 and Maternal = mothers pregnancy
Self-assessed health status
An individual’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general.
Biological factors
relate the structure of
the cells, tissues and systems of the
body e.g. genetics, body weight, blood
pressure, cholesterol levels, birth weight
sociocultural factors
relate to the social and cultural conditions in which people live work and grow. e.g. food insecurity, unemployment, SES, healthcare, norms
environmental factors
relate to the physical surroundings e.g. workplaces, housing, climate change, infrastructure
prerequisites
peace
shelter
education
food
income
stable ecosystem (balance between
environment & species living there)
sustainable resources (resources can
be used now & into the future)
social justice (similar to equality)
equity
Old public health
Government actions that focused on
changing the physical environment to
prevent the spread of disease.
- providing safe water and sanitation
- improved nutrition and housing
conditions & better work conditions - quarantine laws/ immunisations
Biomedical model of health
Focuses on the physical or biological
aspects of disease and illness. It is a
model practised by doctors and health
professionals and is associated with the
diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease.
- quick fix/bandaid approach
- extends life expectancy
- expensive and doesn’t promote good
health and wellbeing
New public health
New public health (aka social model of
health) is an approach to health that
expands the traditional focus on
individual behaviour change to one that
considers the ways in which physical,
sociocultural and political environments
impact on health. Also referred to as the
social model of health.
social model of health principles
- acts to enable access to healthcare
- empowers individuals and
communities - addresses the broader determinants
(or factors) of health - involves intesectoral collaboration
- acts to reduce social inequities
positives and negatives of social model
Promotes good health and wellbeing
(holistic approach) and is less expensive
than biomedical model, however it
doesn’t address concerns of individuals
and not every condition can be treated.
Ottawa charter
An approach developed by the WHO that aims to reduce inequalities in health. It reflects the SMOH and provides 5 action areas all of which are centred around 3 strategies for health promotion which are enabling, mediating and advocacy.
Ottawa Charter action areas
build healthy public policy
create supportive environments
strengthen community action
develop personal skills
reorient health services
Medicare
Medicare is Australia’s universal health
insurance scheme. It provides subsidised
healthcare to Australian citizens
