HHD development Flashcards
Development
A progressive series of changes which occur over the lifespan
Changes are qualitative and include physical, intellectual, emotional and social
changes
Physical health
How efficiently the body and its systems function.
Mental health + wellbeing
The current state of wellbeing relating to the mind or brain; relates to the ability to think and process information in order to positively form opinions and make decisions.
Social health
Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both and independent and cooperate way.
Physical development
The changed that relate to people’s size and shape, and therefore, body structure.
Intellectual development
The ways in which people are able to think and reason/knowledge and creativity
Emotional development
Deals with feelings and moods and the ways in which people express, understand and exercise control over them.
Social development
The increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.
Fertilisation
it occurs when a sperm penetrates an ovum and the genetic material fuse together to make a single cell called a zygote. Which then implants in the uterus wall and begins to grow
What are the 3 stages of prenatal development?
- Germinal stage
- Embryonic stage
- Foetal stage
Germinal stage
This stage occurs during the first 2 weeks of development.
- The union of the sperm and egg cell forms a single cell called a zygote.
- The cell continues to divide and it differentiates to make 3 structures: Embyro, placenta, chorion. It is now a blastocyst.
- The blastocyst attaches to the lining of the uterus for nourishment. The blastocyst attaching is known as implantation.
Embryonic stage
occurs between 2 and 8 weeks.
Critical stage of development – major organs and limbs begin to develop. At risk of damage from risk factors
Foetal stage
- week 8 until birth (roughly 40 weeks)
- Muscles & organs are completed, brain development rapid
lungs prepare for life outside uterus…… - Continual growth and development of all organs, limbs etc.
Last few weeks – major time for putting on fat layer to protect foetus at birth/neonate
Apgar Scale
method used to assess the health and their adjustments of newborns after birth Activity - movement Pulse - roughly 100 bpm Grimace - reacts to suction Appearance - colour of skin Respiration - Crying
Risk factor
Alchohol - poor fetoal growth, no safe amount as it easily passes through the placenta
associated with low birth weight, foetal alchohol syndorme,
Tabacco/smoking - low birth weight, defects, respirotory problems
^ can damage early development and increase health risk such as cancer and asthma
Protective factor
Maternal diet - High folate = reduced spina bifida
Good iodine levels = healthy brain and nervous system development
Not twice as much food but lots of good nutrients
Increase vitamin (A,B, intake)
Education -
Higher SES = higher knowledge = better decisions for the baby
^better skills for the mother
More likely to visit antenatal doctor
First Yr Emotional Physical Intellectual Social
Emotional - 4 weeks baby may begin to vocalise, 8 months - opinionated and attached to carer
Physical - Double in weight, essential muscles
Intellectual - Brain not fully formed, 9 months begin to understand words
Social - parallel play, vocalise through crying
Emotional - Early, middle, late
Early: Exploring relationships/establishing, develop identity
Middle: Grief if loved ones pass, more identity through work and relationship
Late: Body changes, new roles as children change/identity/purpose
Social - Early, middle, Late
Early: life partner, moving away from family
Middle: children, work friends, bigger role in community
Late: Grandparent, new living = new friends
Intellectual - Early, middle, late
Early: New skills, uni/tafe
Middle: continued development, through work and experiences
Late: decline of mental speed and different activities (newspaper games)
