HGST, JAN 2015 Flashcards
- The two types of fire are–
- Direct fire-fires directed at a target within the shooter’s line of sight (LOS).
- Indirect fire-fires directed at a target which the shooter cannot observe.
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-2, par.14-6)
Fire delivered on a target, which cannot be seen by the firing unit, is known as _____________.
indirect fire
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-2, par.14-6)
The four modes of fire are–
Hover fire, Moving fire, Running fire, Diving fire
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-2, par.14-7
If several projectiles are fired from the same weapon with the same elevation and deflection settings, the individual points of impact will be scattered about the aim point. The degree of scatter of those rounds is called
_______________, which is caused by the combination of ____________________ and ____________________.
dispersion, weapons design, ballistic errors
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-1, par.A-2)
RMAX is _____
the distance at which a defined target can be hit (though not necessarily defeated) (TC 3-04.45, p.A-4, par.A-10)
Maximum effective range (RMe) is __________________________________________________________________.
the distance at which there is a 50-percent probability of both hitting and defeating a target
(TC 3-40.45, p.A-4, par.A-10)
The four types of ballistics are _______________, _______________, _______________, and _______________.
interior, exterior, aerial, terminal
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-6, par.A-12)
Air resistance, gravity, yaw, projectile drift and wind drift are what types of ballistics?
Exterior ballistics. (TC 3-04.45, p.A-7, par.A-22)
Yaw is the angle between a projectile’s centerline and trajectory. Yaw causes ______________ to change and __________ to increase. Yaw direction constantly changes in a spinning projectile. Yaw maximizes _________________________ and gradually subsides as the projectile stabilizes.
trajectory, drag, near the muzzle
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-8, par.A27)
When viewed from the rear, most projectiles spin in a ________________ direction. Spinning projectiles act like a gyroscope and exhibit gyroscopic precession, causing the projectile to move __________ in a horizontal plane. This is known as _________________________, which increases as range to target increases.
clockwise, right, projectile drift
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-8, par.A-30)
The effect of wind on a projectile in flight is wind drift. What two factors determine the amount of wind drift of a projectile?
The amount of drift depends on projectile time of flight (TOF) and the wind speed acting on the projectile’s cross sectional area.
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-9, par.A-32)
___________________ is caused by the motion (pitch, roll, and/or yaw) in the launch platform as the projectile leaves the weapon. This error affects _________________ weapon systems.
Angular rate error, unguided (TC 3-04.45, p.A-10, par.A-40)
Angular Rate Error is an example of what type of ballistic?
Aerial Ballistics.
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-10, par.A-40)
For off-axis shots within plus 90 degrees of aircraft heading, ________________________ causes the round to hit left or right of the target.
trajectory shift
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-13, par.A-48)
_________________________________ is produced when trajectory shift and projectile drift combine.
Port-starboard effect
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-13, par.A-49)
Angle of Impact is a characteristic of what type of ballistics?
Terminal ballistics.
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-14, par.A-54)
Neutralization knocks the target out of the battle temporarily. ______ percent or more casualties usually neutralize most units. The unit becomes effective again when casualties are replaced and equipment repaired.
Ten
(TC 3-04.45, p.H-23, par.H-60)
True or False: Neutralization requires weapons effect to hit the target and cause damage to it. Unlike suppressive fire, target neutralization cannot be achieved by rounds that miss the target. Neutralizing damage to a target can temporarily remove it from the battle. High explosive (HE) and multipurpose sub-munitions (MPSM) rockets as well as 30-mm high explosive dual purpose (HEDP) are capable of target neutralization.
True.
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-133, TASK 1422: 2, c.)
Running fire is performed at airspeeds _______________ and offers a mix of aircraft survivability and weapons accuracy. Airspeeds above ____________ eliminate rotor downwash error and provide increased accuracy.
above ETL, 30 knots (TC 3-04.42 p.4-134, TASK 1422: 2, e. 2)
You fire a burst of 30mm at a target, which misses to the left about 10 meters, you then adjust your line of sight to the right of the target 10 meters and fire again, hitting the target. What technique did you use?
Burst on target (BOT) method.
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-20, par.14-75)
The muzzle velocity of the 30-mm chain gun is ________ ft/s (______ m/s).
2640, 805
(TC 3-04.45, p.B-15, tab.B-20)
____________ fire is more accurate than ____________ fire due to greater aircraft stability and ____________ fire is more accurate than ____________ due to the smaller beaten zone in reduced Range Error Probable (REP).
running, hover, diving, running (TC 3-04.45, p.B-17, tab.B-26)
The M789 HEDP projectile is an ____________________ and ____________________ round capable of defeating lightly armored vehicles.
anti-materiel, anti-personnel
(TC 3-04.45, p.B-18, par.B-29)
The M789 round steel case generates explosively driven fragments. The nominal burst radius is _______________; however the lethal fragment impact pattern is dependent upon the ___________________, ___________________, ________________ and the _____________________.
4 meters, surface conditions, impact angle, velocity, target type (TC 3-04.45, p.B-19, par.B-32)
The maximum effective range of the 30-millimeter varies based upon target type and desired effect. Point targets can be accurately engaged out to __________ to __________________. The WP will provide a ballistic solution up to a range of __________________. The WP will use the range data from the crew station in which the AWS was activated. If the range provided to the AWS exceeds the maximum elevation or azimuth limit, the message
“__________________” will appear in the HAD.
1,500, 1,700 meters, 4,200 meters, EL/AZ LIMITS
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-160, TASK 1464: 2, d. 1)
When conducting dynamic harmonization, maintain a heading to target of _______________, at a range of _________________________.
±5 degrees, 500-1500 meters
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-160, TASK 1464: 2, g. 1)
Using FXD-gun mode, when WASed, the gun will relocate and remain at the fixed position (_______________ azimuth and _______________ elevation) until de-WASed.
0 degrees, +0.87 degrees
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-161, TASK 1464: 2, i. 2)
For maximum firing platform (aircraft) stability, the crew should consider using running or diving fire. Use of slower forward speed (______ to ______ knots) will provide a stable firing platform, yet support standoff.
40, 80
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-161, TASK 1464: 2, i. 2 c)
The crew may perform simultaneous wing store pylon weapon (missiles or rockets) and gun engagements. The gun will be inhibited from firing during any wing store pylon weapons launch for _______________. Attempts to fire the gun during this time period will result in a/an “_______________” message being displayed in the HAD weapon control status field. Gun firing will also inhibit wing store firing for _______________.
seconds, ALT launch, 2 seconds
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-162, TASK 1464: 2, l. 3 a)
What is the color of the M788 Target Practice (TP) round? The M789 High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP) round?
The M788 TP has a blue projectile with a white stripe and lettering and an aluminum nosepiece. The M789 HEDP has a black projectile with a yellow band below the fuze with yellow lettering.
(AH-64D AWS Student Handout, p.D-15, D-16)
M789 High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP) round has shaped charged liner for piercing in excess ____________ of
Rolled Homogenous Armor (RHA) at _______________ and a fragmentation radius of ____________ for soft targets.
inches, 2500 meters, 4 meters
(AH-64D AWS Student Handout, p.D-16)
With the AWS is actioned and the next-to-shoot missile on the inboard rail of the inboard launcher, the gun turret assembly is limited to ______ to the next-to-shoot missile side of the aircraft centerline.
52° (AH-64D AWS Student Handout, p.D-23, D-24)
A minimum of __________ tang(s) must be seated into the nut on the flash suppressor.
two (2) (AH-64D AWS Student Handout, p.D-29)
When conducting AWS harmonization, the CPG positions the Dynamic Harmonization (DH) reticle over the Mean Point of Impact (MPI), then _______________________________________________________.
left handgrip STORE/UPDATE switch press to the STORE position (AH-64D AWS Student Handout, p.D-65)
In the event of IHADSS failure with the gun selected and the HMD as the selected sight, the gun will remain at its last commanded position. Gun firing is ____________. When the gun is de-actioned, it will ______________________.
inhibited, return to the stowed position
(-10-2, p.4-19: 4-11, WARNING)
What is the elevation of the gun in the FIXED mode?
+0.87°
(-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a.)
The software ballistic range limit is _______________.
4200 meters
(-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a.)
What is the caution associated with the SQUAT ORIDE switch?
CAUTION: There is no indication in the cockpit when the SQUAT ORIDE switch is in the AIR position. The possibility exists that the AWS could inadvertently be driven into the ground. (-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a. CAUTION)
AWS will / will not [circle one] continue to follow IHADSS LOS when operating in the NVS FIXED mode.
will
(-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a. CAUTION)
In the event of a power loss, the gun is spring driven to ________ in elevation to prevent __________ during landing.
+11°, dig-in (-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a. NOTE)
What is the 30mm rate of fire?
625 ±25 rounds per minute. (-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a. 1)
What are the 30mm gun turret azimuth and elevation limits?
The gun turret is capable of azimuth movement of 86° left or right of the helicopter centerline.
Elevation travel is +11° (+9° within ± 10° of centerline), and -60° depression.
(-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a. 1)
The maximum capacity of the AWS ammunition handling system is _______________.
1200 rounds (-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a. 3)
The 30mm can accommodate 3 different types of rounds. What are they?
High explosive dual purpose (HEDP M789), ADEN/DEFA, and TP (M788).
(-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a. 3)
*ADEN are British brass cartridges “Armament Development Enfield”, DEFA are French steel cartridges “D’Etude Et Fabrication D’Armament”.
The Sideloader/Magazine Controller (S/MC) performs three distinct ammunition handling system functions. What are they?
The three functions are counting of 30mm rounds, control of the Carrier Drive Assembly, and control of the Loader Assembly for uploading and downloading 30mm ammunition.
(-10-2, p.4-102: 4-31, a. 4)
What is the “WARNING” associated with the 30mm duty cycle?
WARNING: Failure to adhere to the published gun duty cycle may result in catastrophic failure, loss of aircraft, injury or death.
(-10-2, p.4-104: 4-31, b. WARNING)
What is the gun duty cycle?
Six 50 round bursts with 5 seconds between bursts followed by a 10 minute cooling period.
For BURST LIMIT settings other than 50, the cycle can be generalized as no more than 300 rounds fired within 60 seconds before allowing the gun to cool for 10 minutes, after which the cycle may be repeated.
(-10-2, p.4-104: 4-31, b.)
If ________ or more rounds have been fired in the preceding _____________, and a stoppage occurs, personnel must remain clear of the aircraft for _____________. Crewmembers should
________________________________________________________________________________________.
300, ten minutes, 30 minutes, remain in the aircraft and continue positive gun control
(-10-2, p.4-104: 4-32, WARNING)
How many rounds will be displayed on the 30mm while in the training mode?
888 gun rounds.
(-10-2, p.4-125: 4-45, a.)
When ADEN (brass cartridges) are used, multiply weight and moment by __________. When DEFA (steel cartridges) are used, multiply weight and moment by __________.
1.354, 1.343
(-10-2, p.6-13: NOTE)
Use the four T’s (____________, ____________, ____________, and ____________) as a cue to enhance the accuracy of the aircraft weapon systems.
target, torque, trim, target
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-22, par.14-78)
MPSM (M261) sub-munition (M73) will land approximately _____ degrees off center, _____ percent of the time, having a _____ percent probability of producing casualties against prone, exposed personnel, within a _____ meter radius.
5, 66, 90, 20 (TC 3-04.45, p.14-30, par.14-120)
The MPSM (M261) sub-munition (M73) will land approximately _____ degrees off center, _____ percent of the time, having a _____ percent probability of producing casualties against prone, exposed personnel, within a _____ meter radius.
30, 33, 90, 5
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-30, par.14-120)
The target area coverage achieved by an MPSM (M261) warhead _______________ as range ______________.
decreases, increases
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-31, fig.14-8)
Free-flight rockets have an inherent ______________________________, which is the greatest cause of error in free flight; ______________________________ during motor burn reduces the effect.
thrust misalignment, spinning the rocket
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-7, par.A-21)
Are rockets more accurate when fired from IGE or OGE?
OGE
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-10, fig.A-10)
When a pilot files an aircraft out of trim (horizontally, vertically, or both), the change in the crosswind component deflects the rocket as it leaves the launcher. Since the extended fins are the largest surface area of the rocket, the rocket will pivot about its CG into the relative wind. As the rocket leaves the launcher and accelerates, the force acting upon the fins causes the nose to turn into the wind. This is known as ______________________________________.
the relative wind effect (TC 3-04.45, p.A-12, par.A-45)
M261 is a MPSM warhead for _______________ and _______________ applications. The M261 contains ________ individual M73 sub-munitions with a shaped charge warhead for perforating _______________ (top attack) and fragmenting steel case for __________________ effects.
anti-materiel, anti-personnel, nine, light armor, anti-personnel (TC 3-04.45, p.C-16, par.C-48)
Firing of 2.75-inch rockets with M261 warheads is limited to ranges greater than _______________, and forward airspeeds of less than _______________.
1,000 meters, 90 knots
(TC 3-04.45, p.C-16, par.C-52)
An MPSM (M261) shape-charge (M73) can penetrate approximately ____________, (____________) of armor, however internal lethal effects are limited (along the jet shot-line)
4 inches, 100mm
(TC 3-04.45, p.C-16, par.C-52)
The M267 MPSM is the M261 training warhead producing a smoke/bang signature. It is an operational, physical, and ballistic match to the M261. ________ M75 practice submunitions and ________ inert submunition load simulators take the place of the _____ HE submunitions in the M261 warhead.
three, six, 9
(TC 3-04.45, p.C-18, par.C-55)
What is a HERO filter and what function does the filter provide to the MK66 rocket motor?
HERO stands for “hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordinance”. The HERO filter prevents the MK66 motor from inadvertent ignition by electromagnetic radiation, especially by radio frequencies found aboard Navy ships. (TC 3-04.45, p.C-18, par.C-57)
In the FXD mode the pylons are commanded to a fixed position of ____________________.
+3.48 degrees
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-153, TASK 1462: 2, a. 4)
crewmember firing the ARS will select the sight most appropriate for the mode of fire and the type of engagement being conducted. The PLT and the CPG may utilize _____ and the _____ as lines of sight. The CPG may additionally utilize the _____.
HMD, FCR, TADS
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-153, TASK 1462: 2, a. 6)
During running ARS fire, align the helicopter into firing constraints with the ____________ while maintaining __________________.
cyclic, aircraft trim (TC 3-04.42, p.4-154, TASK 1462: 2, d. 1 c)
Is the pilot permitted to make changes to the RKT page when in the cooperative mode?
Yes. The cooperative rocket mode WPN’s RKT page will be a common page and available for display in both the CPG and the PLT station. Since the CPG controls the cooperative rocket mode, the available WPN’s rocket page is actually the CPG’s. Either the PLT or the CPG may make changes to the common cooperate rocket mode WPN’s RKT page.
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-155, TASK 1462: 2, e. 2)
When the ARS is in the cooperative mode the WP will use the ________________________________________ in the fire control solution and will disregard the ___________________________________.
CPG-selected LOS and range data, PLT LOS and range data
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-155, TASK 1462: 2, e. 3)
How can the crew check/verify the rocket type within each of the rocket zones loaded on preflight? Can these setting be change on the MPD load page? If so, how?
The Load Maintenance Panel (LMP) provides the capability to check/verify rocket type within each of the rocket zones on preflight. The WPN UTL LOAD page is provided on the MPD to permit aircrews to modify (override) the LMP zone inventory in the event an entry error is made by the load crew during munitions loading or an LMP failure occurs.
(AH-64D ARS Student Handout, p.D-9)
PEN button allows for a penetration selection in increments of ____________, from ____________ to ____________, a BNK selection to defeat bunkers up to ____________ (____________) thick, and a SPQ which sets to detonate when the fuze makes contact with any object.
5 meters, 10 meters, 45 meters, 3 meters, 9.84 feet (AH-64D ARS Student Handout, p.D-18)
The M151 Warhead HE is __________________, __________________ and referred to as the “10 pounder”. This warhead contains 2.3 pounds of composition B with a bursting radius of _______________ and a lethality radius of more than _______________.
anti-personnel, anti-material, 10 meters, 50 meters (AH-64D ARS Student Handout, p.D-22)
The M274 Warhead is HE __________________, __________________ and referred to as the “17 pounder”. This warhead contains 4.8 pounds of composition B with a bursting radius of _______________ and a lethality radius of more than _______________.
anti-personnel, anti-material, +14 meters, 75 meters (AH-64D ARS Student Handout, p.D-22)
What is a RAD and what does it do?
RAD stands for “Ram Air Decelerator”. The submunition arms when the RAD deploys. The RAD stops forward velocity and stabilizes the descent. (AH-64D ARS Student Handout, p.D-22)
Rocket Steering Cursor
Stowed Rocket Steering Cursor
Inhibited Rocket Steering Cursor
Stowed/Inhibited Rocket Steering Cursor
Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor
Inhibited Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor
Training Rocket Steering Cursor
Inhibited Training Rocket Steering Cursor
As range increases, dispersion ____________. Longer engagement ranges do not necessarily equate to improved accuracy for aerial rockets.
decreases
(AH-64D ARS Student Handout, p.D-42)
Maximum range for MK66 rockets is ___________. (ARS Student Handout 11-0922 Pg D-47)
7500 meters (AH-64D ARS Student Handout, p.D-45)
The ground stow mode commands the pylons to a stow position (_____) so that the wing stores are parallel with the ground (level terrain).
-5° (-10-2, p.4-107: 4-33, b. 1)
The flight mode commands the pylons to a single fixed position (____). The flight mode is automatically commanded on at takeoff when the squat switch indicates airborne for more than ____________.
+4°, 5 seconds (-10-2, p.4-107: 4-33, b. 2)
In flight the pylons remain in the flight mode until missiles or rockets are actioned. Pylons are independently controlled through a range of _________________________.
+4° to -15° in elevation (-10-2, p.4-107: 4-33, b. 3)
With rocket launchers on pylons 1 and 4, what rocket zones and quantities of each are available?
Zone A, B and E are available, with 24 in A, 8 in B, and 6 in E. (-10-2, p.4-107: fig.4-97)
Firing of 2.75 inch Hydra-70 rocket configuration (fuze/warhead/motor) flight conditions as follows:
Use of the MK66 MOD 2 rocket motor is __________.
prohibited
(-10-2, p. 4-108: 4-34, b. CAUTION)
Firing of 2.75 inch Hydra-70 rocket configuration (fuze/warhead/motor) flight conditions as follows:
M439/M261/MK66 (MPSM) at ranges less than ____________ and/or speeds greater than ________ are not authorized.
1000 meters, 90 kts (-10-2, p. 4-108: 4-34, b. CAUTION)
Firing of 2.75 inch Hydra-70 rocket configuration (fuze/warhead/motor) flight conditions as follows:
When forward airspeed exceeds __________, do not use M229/M423 (17 pounder PD) warhead/fuze combination for engagement of targets under ____________ in distance, and ensure the line of fire is clear of obstruction (trees/buildings) for at least ____________.
10 KTAS, 140 meters, 140 meters (-10-2, p. 4-108: 4-34, b. CAUTION)
Firing of 2.75 inch Hydra-70 rocket configuration (fuze/warhead/motor) flight conditions as follows:
Firing MK66 in a hover or low speed at a height of less than __________, and for all other flight conditions of __________, is not authorized.
7 ft AGL, 5 ft AGL (-10-2, p. 4-108: 4-34, b. CAUTION)
Firing of 2.75 inch Hydra-70 rocket configuration (fuze/warhead/motor) flight conditions as follows:
Do not fire rockets with the M433 (Nose Mounted Resistance Capacitance) fuze in situations where they might fly closer than ________ from other airborne helicopters.
51m (-10-2, p. 4-108: 4-34, b. CAUTION)
Firing of 2.75 inch Hydra-70 rocket configuration (fuze/warhead/motor) flight conditions as follows:
Due to the possibility of surging the engines, do not fire rockets from in-board stations. Fire no more than ________ with two ____________ launchers every __________________, or fire with only ______ outboard launcher installed without restrictions (ripples permitted). These are the only conditions permitted.
pairs, outboard, three seconds, one (-10-2, p. 4-108: 4-34, b. CAUTION)
What is the time of flight (TOF) in seconds from launch to impact for SAL missiles from 2 km to 8 km at 1 km increments?
7, 10, 14, 19, 24, 29, 36 (TC 3-04.45, p.14-54, tab.14-13)
Under some atmospheric conditions and gun-target lines the launch aircraft may obscure its own line of sight to the target by the Hellfire’s rocket motor exhaust as the missile flies through the designator’s field of view. Rotating the aircraft just before launch – at least _________________________ in the direction of the missile to be fired – prevents the missile from flying through the designator FOV.
three to five degrees (TC 3-04.45, p.14-55, par.14-232)
What is the minimum engagement range (RMIN) of an AGM-114K LOBL engagement with a 0° target azimuth offset?
With a 20° target azimuth offset?
500 meters, 700 meters
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-58, tab.14-14)
For an AGM-114K/K2A, regardless of the mode (LOBL/LOAL-D/L/H) and range to target, in order to guarantee missile seeker head lock the minimum cloud ceiling requirement is ____________ above the firing platform.
1400 feet
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-58, tab.14-14)
The RMIN for LOAL increases as the aircraft’s launch altitude above the target’s altitude increases. The RMIN is based upon a nominal aircraft launch altitude of ____________________ above the target. The RMIN can be decreased by __________ if the missile is fired from very low altitudes (less than __________ above target altitude). If the LOAL missile is fired from altitudes above the nominal altitude range (more than __________, but less than __________ above the target) the minimum ranges must be extended above the nominal range value by __________.
50 feet to 400 feet, 500 meters, 50 feet, 401 feet, 800 feet, 500 meters (TC 3-04.45, p.14-59, par.14-242)
Avoid firing __________ when the launch altitude is greater than __________ above the target due to the limited ability of the missile seeker to look down sufficiently to acquire the laser spot.
LOAL, 800 feet
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-59, par.14-243)
When SAL missiles are fired from more than __________ above the target’s altitude, or if very short minimum ranges are required, fire the missile _________.
800 feet, LOBL
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-59, par.14-244)
What is the AGM-114K LOAL-DIR Minimum Engagement Range (RMIN) for a low altitude launch (shooter <50’ above target altitude) with a 0° azimuth target offset? A 7.5° azimuth target offset?
1500 meters, 1700 meters
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-59, tab.14-16)
What is the AGM-114K LOAL-LO Minimum Engagement Range (RMIN) for a low altitude launch (shooter <50’ above target altitude) with a 0° azimuth target offset? A 7.5° azimuth target offset?
2000 meters, 2500 meters
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-59, tab.14-16)
What is the AGM-114K LOAL-HI Minimum Engagement Range (RMIN) for a low altitude launch (shooter <50’ above target altitude) with a 0° azimuth target offset? A 7.5° azimuth target offset?
3500 meters, 3500 meters
(TC 3-04.45, p.14-59, tab.14-16)
Is the Hellfire missile is affected by Angular Rate Error?
No, this error affects unguided weapon systems only.
(TC 3-04.45, p.A-10, par.A-40)
The Hellfire missile utilizes a single-stage; single-thrust, solid-propellant rocket motor. When thrust exceeds ____________________ on the M299 launcher, the missile leaves the rail.
600 to 830 pounds (TC 3-04.45, p.D-2, par.D-3)
Motor thrust duration is approximately ____________________. Peak velocity of the missile when launched at sea level is ____________________ (_______________/_______________).
2.5 to 3.5 seconds, 475 meters per second (923 knots/Mach1.4) (TC 3-04.45, p.D-2, par.D-3)
Arming can only occur when the missile’s acceleration exceeds ________. The fuze is armed between
____________________ from the launching platform for all Hellfire missiles except for the AGM-114R which is armed between 375 and 500 meters.
10Gs, 150 and 300 meters
(TC 3-04.45, p.D-2, par.D-4)
RF missile can engage moving and stationary targets at ranges between __________ and _______________.
500, 8000 meters (TC 3-04.45, p.D-11, par.D-30)
During RF missile operation, including the missile running power on BIT or running manually-initiated BIT while on the rail, personnel should avoid the RF radiation-hazard area extending ____________ in front of and ____________ either side of the missile centerline.
one meter, 45 degrees (TC 3-04.45, p.D-12, par.D-31)
What are the three modes of operation for an RF missile?
The RF missile operates in three modes; standby, pre-launch, and post-launch. (TC 3-04.45, p.D-12, par.D-32)
A RF missile LOAL stationary-target nominal flight profile for a 20-degree offset angle at 8 kilometers will have a maximum cross range of ____________.
990 meters
(TC 3-04.45, p.D-21, fig.D-20)
______________________________ uses a curved trajectory to induce relative motion between a stationary target and the target’s background by flying an off-axis flight path to the target. This significantly enhances the probability of detection and tracking stationary targets at long ranges.
Doppler beam sharpening (DBS)
(TC 3-04.45, p.D-24, par.D-69)
When DBS occurs, the direction of turn is determined at umbilical separation as a function of the LOS to the target. If the target is right of the missile centerline, the missile trajectory curve will be a ________ DBS trajectory to the target.
If the target is left of the missile centerline, the missile trajectory curve will be a ________ DBS trajectory to the target.
Targets close to the zero bearing may yield either a left or right DBS trajectory.
left, right
(TC 3-04.45, p.D-25, par.D-70)
eight laser limiting factors (LIMFACs) that are known to detract from optimum laser performance are
Boresight error, spot jitter, beam divergence, attenuation, overspill, underspill, entrapment and backscatter. (TC 3-04.45, p.F-2 to F-6, par.F-7 to F-20)
Entrapment occurs when:
The laser’s reflection point on the Desired Point of Impact (DPI) is trapped or masked within the target. The amount of reflected energy does not decrease; however, the aspect angle at which the laser can be seen by the missile is reduced, or blocked, during its flight. This may occur due to designating a point within an enclosed area; a wheel well, road wheel, open window, or a wall with an extended overhang – such as a porch or building entryway.
(TC 3-04.45, p.F-5, par.F-16)
Backscatter applies to:
A portion of the laser beam energy reflected from obscurant atmospheric particles (fog, haze, rain, snow, smoke, and dust) in the laser’s path, back towards the designator while the remainder of the laser’s energy penetrates toward the target.
(TC 3-04.45, p.F-5, par.F-17)
What is the definition of Ripple fire?
Ripple fire employs multiple missiles launched on different laser codes. Ripple fire engagements require at least two laser designators.
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-139, TASK 1458: 2, a. 6 b)
LOBL constraints are ________ as referenced from the tracking missile seeker’s LOS and aircraft centerline.
20° (TC 3-04.42, p.4-141, TASK 1458: 2, a. 10 b Note)
Can the BACKSCATTER inhibit be overridden by the trigger’s second detent?
No, the BACKSCATTER inhibit cannot be overridden by the trigger’s second detent, the crew must instead apply backscatter avoidance techniques. (TC 3-04.42, p.4-141, TASK 1458: 2, a. 10 c Note 2)
LOAL LO/HI missile constraints box represents a ______ angular displacement between the aircraft center line and the selected target’s bearing.
7.5° (TC 3-04.42, p.4-143, TASK 1458: 2, a. 10 Note)
True or False: The LOAL LO/HI missile constraints box is always driven by what is displayed in the FCR/TSD page ACQ source window.
False, the selected acquisition source must be represented by a grid within the aircraft’s “POINT” file. This point may be the active acquisition source or present in B5 within the ACQ grouped options.
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-143, TASK 1458: 2, a. 13 f Note 2)
Why would the RF missile LOBL INHIBIT option be used?
The LOBL inhibit function allows the aircrew to engage RF missile targets in the LOAL mode only, inhibiting RF missiles from transmitting. This option is used to eliminate the RF missile signature.
(TC 3-04.42, p.4-147, TASK 1459: 2, a. 4)
If the sight selected is FCR, what type of missile page will be displayed when the missile system is actioned or the missile button is selected?
The missile TYPE will be barriered, and the mode will default automatically to RF.
(AH-64D LBHMMS Student Handout, p.D-24)
The Missile Counter-Counter Measure (MSL CCM) button:
The MSL CCM button enables the CCM routine within the laser missile. This selection narrows the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) number of Pulses Per Second (PPS) tracking capability of the missile to the precise PRF of the selected laser code. (AH-64D LBHMMS Student Handout, p.D-28)
In LOAL LO mode, the Hellfire missile will clear a mask up to _______________ above the aircraft altitude with a minimum standoff distance from the mask of _______________.
260 feet, 600 meters (AH-64D LBHMMS Student Handout, p.D-51)
In LOAL HI mode, the Hellfire missile will clear a mask up to _______________ above the aircraft altitude with a minimum standoff distance from the mask of _______________.
1000 feet, 1500 meters (AH-64D LBHMMS Student Handout, p.D-53)
During a remote designation, the designator should not be positioned within the ______ fan either side of the launching aircraft to target line or outside the _____ designator offset angle.
±30°, ±60° (AH-64D LBHMMS Student Handout, p.D-60)
The AUTO button will enable automatic missile power management. In the AUTO mode, RF missiles will be powered up at _______________ intervals. This _______________ occur when the missiles are _______________.
10-minute, does not, actioned (AH-64D LBHMMS Student Handout, p.D-65)