HGE Flashcards
SPECIFIC GRAVITY SG
p / pwater
gamma / gammawater
GAGE PRESSURE Pgage
gamma * h
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE Pabs
Pgage + Patm
Patm
101.325kPa
1atm
10.1 tons/m^2
760 mm Hg
MASS DENSITY p
WEIGHT DENSITY gamma
m / vol
W / vol
SG Oil
SG Mercury
SG Glycerin
SG Saltwater
.8
13.6
2.4
1.03
HYDROSTATIC FORCE HORIZ Fhx
HYDROSTATIC FORCE VERTI Fhy
gamma liquid * hbar * A
gamma liquid * volumeabove
ECCENTRICITY e
Icg / (Aybar)
Icgsintheta / (Ahbar)
(gammaIcg*sintheta) / Fh
Aspandrel
Asector
1/3 * bh
1/2 * r^2*theta
BUOYANT FORCE BF
gamma liquid * Voldisplaced
BF = W for floating
W > BF for sinking
acts at geometric centroid
MOVING LIQUIDS tan theta
a/g
yrise = ydepression if no spill
ROTATING VESSELS y
y/2 > hair initial
y/2 < hair initial
w^2*r^2 / 2g
spill
no spill
Vol paraboloid
r^2ypi / 2
SQUARE PROPERTY OF PARABOLA SPP
x1^2 / y1 = x2^2 / y2
DISCHARGE Q
MASS DISCHARGE Qmass
WEIGHT DISCHARGE Qweight
AVelocity
pAVelocity
pgAVelocity
ENERGY EQUATION
E1-hf=E2
v1^2/2g + P1/gamma + z1 - hf = v2^2/2g + P2/gamma + z2
At stagnation point in pitot ___ = ___
No ___ in venturis, pitot, piezo
V=0
elevation head
Head is
height of liquid above orifice
1m^3
1000 Liters
MANNINGS VELOCITY V
1/n * R^2/3 * S^.5 for metric
1.49/n for imperial
MANNING hf
10.29n^2LQ^2 / D^16/3
HAZEN WILLIAMS hf
10.67LQ^1.85 / (C^1.85 * D^4.87)
DARCY WEISBACH hf
0.0826fLQ^2 / D^5 for metric only
or fLV^2 / 2gD for imperial and metric
SLOPE OF EGL
hloss / L
HYDRAULIC RADIUS R
Aflow/Pwetted
POWER P
Q gamma hloss
Pextracted
Padded
Pinput
Poutput
Series Pipes have equal __ and sum of __
discharge, headlosses
Parallel Pipes have equal __, Qa = ___ and have same ___
headlosses, Qb+Qc, input and output
MES RECTANGLE
MES TRIANGLE
MES TRAPEZOID
MES CIRCLE
b=2d
b=2d, 90 degree angle inside
b=b=b, 120 inside angle 1 side
0.94d
FROUDE NUMBER Fn
<1
>1
=1
SQRT (Q^2T/ (A^3g))
sub
super
critical
SPECIFIC ENERGY Espec, has no ______
V^2/2g + d, pressure head
CRITICAL DEPTH dcrit
2/3 Emin
ORIFICE k
ORIFICE t
2As / (CdAoSQRT(2g))
(SQRT(gammah1) - SQRT(gammah2)) * k/SQRT(gammadrain)
COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE Cd
COEFFICIENT OF CONTRACTION Cc
COEFFICIENT OF VELOCITY Cv
CcCv
Avena/Aorifice
Vact/Vtheo
HYDRAULIC JUMP
Fp
Fm
Energy Equation = __ has ____
Fp1 + Fm1 = Fp2 + Fm2
Pcg*Aflow
pQV
velocity head1 - headloss = velocity head2, no pressure head
THREE RESERVOIR
When Q2 = 0, Q1<Q3
When Q2 = 0, Q1>Q3
Q1+Q2=Q3, Q2 towards junction
Q1=Q2+Q3, Q2 towards reservoir
THREE RESERVOIR
Highest elevation/energy reservoir always ___
No __ @ ___
Flow in pipes are represented by ____
gives water
velocity, junction and pressure+velocity head in reservoirs
headlosses
VOLUME OF VOIDS Vv
VOLUME V
Vw +Va
Vs + Vv
WEIGHT W
Wair
Ww + Ws
Wa = 0
VOID RATIO e
Vv/Vs
n/(1-n)
POROSITY n
Vv/V
e/(1+e)
WATER CONTENT w
Ww/Ws * 100%
DEGREE OF SATURATION S
Vw/Vv
GAMMA SOIL
SPECIFIC GRAVITY SOIL Gs
gamma water * (Gs+Se)/(1+e)
gamma solid/gamma water
GAMMA SOLIDS
Ws/Vs
RELATIONSHIP OF Se
Se=wGs
1+w
gamma/gamma dry
GAMMA EFFECTIVE
gamma asked - gamma water
gamma asked
RELATIVE DENSITY Dr
e max - e / (emax - emin)
EMBANKMENTS
V1/(1+e1) = V2/(1+e2)
Cu
D60/D10
LIQUID LIMIT LL
PLASTIC LIMIT PL
w@20mm pen lin & w@25 blows log
w @ 4.2mm dia threads
PLASTIC INDEX PI
LIQUIDITY INDEX LI
LL-PL
(w-PL)/PI
PARTIAL GI
FULL GI NUMBER
0.01(F200-15)(PI-10)
<F200-35>*(0.2+0.005(LL-40)) + 0.01(F200-15)(PI-10)
</F200-35>
CONSTANT HEAD TEST DISCHARGE Q
i=?
Aki
i = hloss / L
INTERSTITIAL VELOCITY or SEEPAGE VELOCITY Vs
ki/n
COARSE GRAINED COEFFICIENT OF PERMEABILITY
vol*L/(hAt)
FINE GRAINED COEFFICIENT OF PERMEABILITY
aL/at ln(h1/h2)
EFFECTIVE STRESS Pe
Pt - Pw
or
summation gammaeff*h
TOTAL STRESS Pt
summation gamma*h
PORE WATER PRESSURE Pw
summation gamma water*hwater
CAPILLARY ACTION HEIGHT hc
C/(eD10)
BASIC SETTLEMENT H
Pc _ Po
H*change e / (1+e)
<
PRESSURE CHANGE triangle P
P/Apressure@midheight
TOTAL EFFECTIVE OR FINAL STRESS Pf
Po + pressure change
NORMAL SETTLEMENT H
Pc _ Po
H *Cc log (Pf/Po) / (1+e)
<
Consolidation Index Cc
Undisturbed
Disturbed
change e / log Pf - log Po
0.009(LL-10)
0.007(LL-7)
OVERCONSOLIDATED CASE 1 H
Pc _ Po
Pf _ Pc
Cs is ___ and default value is ?
Cs range
H *Cs log (Pf/Po) / (1+e)
>
<
Swell Index, 0.2Cc
0.1Cc - 0.2Cc
OVERCONSOLIDATED CASE 2 H
Pc _ Po
Pf _ Pc
H*(Cs log Pc/Po + Cc log Pf/Pc) / (1+e)
>
>
OVERCONSOLIDATION RATIO OCR
Pc/Po
PILE EFFECTIVE HEIGHT L
2/3 L from base of footing
EFFECTIVE OVERBURDEN PRESSURE q
summation gammae*h
WALL/STRIP ULTIMATE BEARING CAP
cNc + qNq + 0.5gammaeffBNy
SQUARE ULTIMATE BEARING CAP
1.3cNc + qNq + 0.4gammaeffBny
CIRCULAR ULTIMATE BEARING CAP
1.3cNc + qNq + 0.3gammaeffDny
NET ULTIMATE BEARING CAP qun
qug - q
NET ALLOWABLE BEARING CAP qan
Pan/Aftg or qun/FS
GROSS ALLOWABLE BEARING CAP qag
P/Aftg or qug/FS
SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY Qsf
summation alpha c Alateral
END BEARING CAPACITY Qb
c at ?
default Nc = ?
cNcAbearing
end bearing
9
ULTIMATE PILE CAP Qu
Qsf + Qb
DESIGN PILE CAP Qudesign
(Qusf/ FSsf) + (Qub/FSb)