HGD Flashcards
Most common location of ischemic ulceration in neonates:
a. Occiput
b. Sacrum
c. Scapula
d. Ischial tuberosity
a. Occiput
The concrete operational stage of Piaget spans what age:
a. 3-5 years old
b. 7-9 years old
c. 2-3 years old
d. 2-7 years old
e. None of these
e. None of these
Which activity is the last to occur during normal development?
a. Walking backwards
b. Alternating feet when going up and down stairs
c. Standing on one foot
d. Combing hair
d. Combing hair
Genu varum in an 18-month-old child is:
a. Abnormal and should be corrected with exercise
b. Abnormal and should be correct surgically
c. Normal
d. Abnormal and should be observed closely for progression
c. Normal
Age of the fetus from the first day of the last menstrual period
a. Ice age
b. Middle age
c. Gestational age
d. Conceptional age
c. Gestational age
All of the following are proven teratogens except:
a. Rubella virus
b. Rubeolla virus
c. Cytomegalovirus
d. Toxoplasmosis
b. Rubeolla virus
An appropriate fine motor behavior that should be established by 9 months of age is the ability to:
a. Build a tower of four blocks
b. Pick up a raisin with a fine pincer grasp
c. Transfer objects from one hand to another
d. Hold a cup by the handle while drinking
c. Transfer objects from one hand to another
In the child’s early years, all of the following are important parameters to monitor except:
a. Head circumference
b. Weight
c. Height
d. Body Mass Index
d. Body Mass Index
A child should be able to maintain its head in the midline position by what age?
a. 2 months
b. 3 months
c. 4 months
d. 5 months
a. 2 months
A friend is telling you of his little girl who just celebrated her third birthday. Which of the following do you not expect her to be able to complete?
a. Up and down stairs with hands on rail
b. Jumps clearing ground and lands on feet together
c. Walks downstairs alternating feet
d. Pedals tricycle
c. Walks downstairs alternating feet
By what age should the palmar grasp reflex disappear?
a. persists
b. 2 months
c. 6 months
d. 12 months
c. 6 months
With the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR), lateral rotation of the head on the trunk produces which of the following?
a. Flexion in the upper and the lower limbs on the nasal side, and extension of both limbs on the occipital side
b. Flexion in the upper and the lower limbs on the nasal side, and flexion of both limbs on the occipital side
c. Extension in the upper and the lower limbs on the nasal side, and flexion of both limbs on the occipital side
d. Extension in the upper and the lower limbs on the nasal side, and extension of both limbs on the occipital side
c. Extension in the upper and the lower limbs on the nasal side, and flexion of both limbs on the occipital side
Which best describes the symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR)?
a. Flexion of the neck facilitates extension in the upper limbs and extension of the lower limbs. Extension of the neck facilitates flexion in the upper limbs and flexion of the lower limbs
b. Flexion of the neck facilitates extension in the upper limbs and flexion of the lower limbs. Extension of the neck facilitates flexion in the upper limbs and extension of the lower limbs
c. Flexion of the neck facilitates flexion in the upper limbs and extension of the lower limbs. Extension of the neck facilitates extension in the upper limbs and flexion of the lower limbs
d. Flexion of the neck facilitates flexion in the upper limbs and extension of the lower limbs. Extension of the neck facilitates extension in the upper limbs and flexion of the lower limbs
c. Flexion of the neck facilitates flexion in the upper limbs and extension of the lower limbs. Extension of the neck facilitates extension in the upper limbs and flexion of the lower limbs
You are continuing your studies in neurology on abnormal reflexes. You are now focusing on the reflex called the flexor withdrawal. The flexor withdrawal integration level is spinal. Where would the stimulus be applied to test the flexor withdrawal?
a. Sole of the foot with lower extremity in extension
b. Sole of the foot with lower extremity in flexion
c. Forefoot with the lower extremity in extension
d. Forefoot with the lower extremity in flexion
a. Sole of the foot with lower extremity in extension
You are testing the tonic labyrinthine reflex of a patient. You have positioned the patient supine. Which of the following would you consider to be a positive response to this position?
a. Increased extensor tone
b. Increased flexor tone
c. Increased extensor tone in upper extremities and flexor tone
d. Increased flexor tone in upper extremities and extensor tone in lower extremities
a. Increased extensor tone
You have pediatric patient referred to physical therapy. The patient is 5 months old. You want to test several reflexes of this patient. The stimulus you utilize for the first reflex is a sudden movement to cause a startle reaction in the patient. Which of the following are you most likely performing?
a. Startle Reflex
b. Grasp reflex
c. Protective extension reaction
d. Protective reaction
e. Moro’s Reflex
e. Moro’s Reflex
Holds pencil shaft between thumb and index finger:
a. 3 years old
b. 2 years old
c. 18 months
d. 14 months
e. 10 months
b. 2 years old
You are performing an evaluation of a patient in a neonatal intensive care unit of a large hospital. You are utilizing a scoring system to evaluate the status of the newborn. Heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, color, and reflexes are all measured on a scale of 0 to 2 at birth. Which of the following scoring systems are you most likely utilizing?
a. Rule of nines
b. Apgar score
c. Neurological testing
d. Rancho Los Amigos scale
b. Apgar score
The neonate period is described as 0 to 10 days: it is said that at birth the neonate typically demonstrates ______ tone. What tone does the neonate demonstrate?
a. None, no particular tone difference is noted either way
b. Flexor
c. Extensor
d. Rotation
b. Flexor
An eleven-month-old child with cerebral palsy attempts to maintain a quadruped position. Which reflex would interfere with this activity if it was not integrated?
a. Startle reflex
b. Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
c. Plantar grasp reflex
d. Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
d. Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
Refinement and acquisition of skills:
a. Skills
b. Growth
c. Development
d. Traits
c. Development
A neonate’s APGAR score at 1 minute after birth is 8; at 5 minutes it is 9. Based on this score and expected heart rate, the therapist can conclude that this infant would probably:
a. Require extensive resuscitation efforts including intubation
b. Require some resuscitation and administration of supplemental oxygen
c. Have a heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minute with good respiration and not require resuscitation
d. Have a heart rate of less than 100 beats per minute with slow and irregular respirations and not require resuscitation
c. Have a heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minute with good respiration and not require resuscitation
Underhand throw:
a. 2 years old
b. 3 years old
c. 4 years old
d. 5 years old
e. 6 years old
c. 4 years old
In taking the mother’s obstetric history, _____ refers to the number of pregnancies:
a. Preterm
b. Gravida
c. Parida
d. Full term
b. Gravida
A Pediatric patient with an IQ level scoring of 129 came to your clinic. Under what category will it fall:
a. Borderline
b. Average
c. Moderate MR
d. Below average
e. None of these
e. None of these
The correct sequence for a positive Landau reflex response is:
a. First the back extends, then the neck flexes with leg in extension
b. First the head, then the back and legs extend
c. Simultaneous neck and back in flexion with legs in extension
d. First the legs will extend, then neck extension with back flexion
b. First the head, then the back and legs extend
Normal weight at birth:
a. 3,500-5,000g
b. 1,000-1,500g
c. 2,500-4,000g
d. 1,500-2,500g
c. 2,500-4,000g
Stimulus: noxious stimulus to the ball of the foot; Response: opposite lower extremity flexes, adducts and then extends
a. Plantar grasp reflex
b. STNR
c. Crossed extension reflex
d. Flexor withdrawal reflex
e. None of these
c. Crossed extension reflex
An infant is being examined by a physical therapist. The therapist is resisting movement of the right upper extremity and notices involuntary movement of the left upper extremity. Which of the following is displayed by the infant?
a. Landau reaction
b. Startle reflex
c. Moro reflex
d. Associated reaction
d. Associated reaction
A twelve-month-old child with cerebral palsy demonstrates an abnormal persistence of the positive support reflex. During therapy this would most mainly interfere with ______ activities.
a. Standing
b. Prone on elbows
c. Supine
d. Sitting
a. Standing
Stroking the cheek of an infant causing a turning of the mouth towards the stimulus defines which reflex
a. Moro
b. Rooting
c. Startle
d. Righting
b. Rooting
A Pediatric patient with an IQ level scoring of 100 came to your clinic. Under what category will it fall:
a. Average
b. Borderline
c. Moderate MR
d. Below average
e. None of these
a. Average
Prematurity is associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is defined as the birth before the:
a. 32nd week of gestation
b. 35th week of gestation
c. 37th week from the first day of the last menstruation
d. 30th week of intrauterine development
c. 37th week from the first day of the last menstruation
Stimulus: Contact to the ball of the foot in upright standing position; Response: Rigid extension of the LE
a. Crossed-extension
b. Flexor-withdrawal
c. Traction
d. Positive supporting
d. Positive supporting
The reflex most essential for feeding:
a. Moro
b. Suck/swallow reflex
c. Rooting
d. Galant
e. Landau
b. Suck/swallow reflex
Which of these is NOT TRUE about the pre-operation stage of cognitive development?
a. Children develop tools for representative scheme symbolically through language imitation, imaginary play and drawing
b. Preceded by the sensorimotor stage
c. Ends at 5 years
d. Starts when child begins to learn language
c. Ends at 5 years
Normal head circumference at Birth is:
a. 35 cm
b. 41 cm
c. 47 cm
d. 57 cm
a. 35 cm
What is the only primitive reflex that persists throughout life?
a. Flexor withdrawal reflex
b. Crossed extension reflex
c. Moro reflex
d. Startle reflex
d. Startle reflex
The formal operational stage of Piaget spans what age:
a. 3-5 years old
b. 7-9 years old
c. 2-3 years old
d. 2-7 years old
e. None of these
e. None of these
Draws vertical rhombus
a. 6 years old
b. 4 years old
c. 5 years old
d. 7 years old
e. 9 years old
d. 7 years old
Lumbar lordosis develops at
a. 6 months
b. 10 months
c. 7 months
d. 12 months
b. 10 months
Draws a circle:
a. 7 y/o
b. 6 y/o
c. 4 y/o
d. 3 y/o
e. None of the above
d. 3 y/o
A therapist is ordered to evaluate and treat a full-term infant. After reviewing the chart, the therapist discovers that at 1 minute after birth the infant exhibited the following symptoms. Bluish discoloration of the body and extremities, heart rate of 85 beats per minute, slow respirations, no response to reflex irritability, and some resistance of the extremities to movement. What was the infant’s APGAR score at 1 minute after birth?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
c. 3
If a child exhibits emerging hand dominance, has crude release, can seat self in chair and walk backwards, he is ________ old.
a. 2 years
b. 10 months
c. 14 months
d. 18 months
d. 18 months
A PT is completing a development assessment of a 7-month-old infant with normal development. The reflex that would NOT be integrated is
a. Symmetrical tonic neck
b. Asymmetrical tonic
c. Moro
d. Landau
d. Landau
A 10-month-old should be able to:
a. Pull to stand
b. Pull to sit
c. Play peek-a-boo
d. Sit without support
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
A nine-month-old infant with cerebral palsy is unable to roll from supine to prone. This developmental activity typically occurs by:
a. 7 months
b. 3 months
c. 5 months
d. 9 months
a. 7 months
In which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development is the child capable of insight?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Concrete operational
c. Preoperational
d. Formal operational
e. None of these
a. Sensorimotor
Ties shoelaces:
a. 2 years old
b. 3 years old
c. 5 years old
d. 6 years old
d. 6 years old
Adult height can be estimated by doubling the baby’s length at what age?
a. Four years
b. Two years
c. Three years
d. One year
b. Two years
