Hexapoda Flashcards
What are compound eyes?
Visual organs found in arthropods, primarily insects and crustaceans.
What are ommatidia?
Numerous individual lens units that compose compound eyes.
How does each ommatidium function?
As a small, independent visual unit.
What type of image do compound eyes produce?
A mosaic of images from individual ommatidia.
What are ocelli?
Eyespots that detect light.
What is Entognatha?
A class within Hexapoda that are wingless and have internal mouthparts.
What is Collembola?
Springtails.
What is Diplura?
Two tails.
What is Protura?
Cone-headed soil organisms.
What is Coleoptera?
Beetles.
What is Insecta?
Class of arthropods with three body segments.
What is Pterygota?
Winged insects.
What is Apterygota?
Wingless insects.
What is Lepidoptera?
Butterflies and moths.
What is Diptera?
Flies.
What is Hymenoptera?
A family of insects that includes bees, wasps, ants, and yellow jackets.
What are halteres?
Highly modified wings used for balance rather than flight. Usually are club-shaped structures; found on the metathorax of true flies (Diptera).
What are elytra?
The hard, shell-like forewings of beetles.
What is direct wing movement?
Wing muscles are directly attached to the wing base, allowing for a direct and controlled movement of the wings.
What is indirect wing movement?
The muscles responsible for flight are located within the thorax and are not directly connected to the wings.
What is asynchronous flying?
Wing movement is not directly synchronized with nerve impulses.
What is the paranotal lobe hypothesis?
This hypothesis suggests that the insect’s wings developed from paranotal lobes.
What is haploidiploidy?
Females are diploid, males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid. Found in bees, ants, and wasps.
What is incomplete metamorphosis?
Egg, nymph, adult.
What is complete metamorphosis?
Egg, larva, pupa, adult.
What is ametabolous?
No metamorphosis.
What is hemimetabolous?
Incomplete metamorphosis; egg, nymph, adult.
What is holometabolous?
Complete metamorphosis; egg, larva, pupa, adult.
What is a nymph?
The juvenile stage of insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis.
What is a naiad?
An aquatic insect nymph.
What is a pupa?
An insect in the inactive stage of development (when it is not feeding) intermediate between larva and adult.
What is a larva?
A juvenile stage in the life cycle of many animals, occurring after hatching and before the adult form is reached.
What is a tympanum in insects?
A specialized hearing organ consisting of a thin membrane stretched across an opening, often backed by an air-filled space.
What are caspases enzymes?
These enzymes dismantle cells during development, remodeling tissues and organs. In metamorphosis, caspases help eliminate larval tissues and facilitate the formation of adult structures.
What are imaginal discs?
Group of undifferentiated cells in insect larva that develop into a specific adult structure.
What is a tripod gait?
The locomotory mechanism found in hexapods in which three legs support the body (fore- and hind leg on one side, midleg on the other) while the other three legs are lifted to be swung forward.
What is a labrum?
A flap-like structure that lies immediately in front of the mouth (upper lip).
What is a labium?
The combined second maxillae (the most posterior pair of head appendages) of some insects and myriapods, forming a ‘lower lip’.
What is a maxilla?
One of a pair of feeding appendages behind the mouth (in front of the mandibles) in most insects and crustaceans.
What is a mandible?
Paired appendages just behind the mouth in many insects and crustaceans; hard structure used for seizing and biting food.
What is stridulation?
Sound produced by dragging a row of peg-like structures across a file-like structure.
What is a tymbal?
In insects, a thickened plate of chitin connected to powerful asynchronous muscles; deflection of this by the muscle produces sound. Typified by cicadas.
