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BI211 Comparative Anatomy & Physiology > Hexapoda > Flashcards

Hexapoda Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum hexapods fall into?

A

Arthropoda

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2
Q

How many insects for every one human

A

200 million insects

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3
Q

hexapoda are named for their six legs, which are all _____

A

uniramous

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4
Q

Insects have how many tagmata

A

three - head, thorax, abdomen

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5
Q

appendages are found on what tagmata(s)

A

head and thorax - abdominal appendages greatly reduced or totally absent

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6
Q

Entognatha

A

class within Hexapoda that has mouthparts protected by capsule

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7
Q

Insecta (in terms of mouthparts)

A

mouthparts are not protected by capusle

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8
Q

Winged insects

A

Pterogotes

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9
Q

Wingless insects

A

Apterogotes

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10
Q

How many insect species are described and how many are estimated to exist

A

1 million species described, 30 million undescribed

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11
Q

how do insects prevent water loss in dry desert environment

A

exoskeleton prevents water loss

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12
Q

plates of insect exoskeleton are called. Location. Function

A

sclerites. Side, ventral, dorsal. Serve as surfaces for muscle attachment

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13
Q

head of insect usually has

A

pair of large compound eyes, pair of antennae, and three ocelli

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14
Q

subsegments of thorax. What are found here

A

prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. Each section has a pair of legs

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15
Q

Where are wings found on insect thorax

A

on mesothorax and metathorax - 1 pair in meso and 1 pair in meta (2 pairs of wings)

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16
Q

how many segments does insect abdomen have

A

9 to 11

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17
Q

what are insect wings

A

outgrowths of cuticle from the mesothoracic and metathoracic segments

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18
Q

Diptera (true flies) have 1 pair of wings and 1 pair of what with what function

A

tiny hind wings called halteres - provide balance during flight

19
Q

direct flight muscles vs. indirect flight muscles

A

direct - attach to wing directly
indirect - alter shape of thorax to cause wing movement

20
Q

3 main portions of insect gut

A

foregut, midgut, and hindgut

21
Q

sections of foregut

A

mouth, esophagus, crop, and gizzard

22
Q

crop

A

holds/accumulates food in insect gut

23
Q

gizzard (what gut section is it found in)

A

muscular stomach that grinds food. In foregut

24
Q

T/F some absorption happens in crop

A

FALSE - no absorption happens but some digestion from salivary enzymes

25
Q

midgut function

A

analogous to small intestine - primary site of digestion and absorption

26
Q

hindgut function

A

water is reabsorbed from waste and some nutrient absorption happens

27
Q

parasites of parasites

A

parasitoids

28
Q

mouthparts vary between insects, but structures are ___

A

similar (homologous)

29
Q

circulatory fluid of insects

A

hemolymph

30
Q

T/F hemolymph transports oxygen

A

FALSE

31
Q

gas exchange in insects

A

tracheal system and spiracle openings

32
Q

excretion organ in insects

A

Malphigian tubules

33
Q

most insects sexually reproduce except for ____ which use ___

A

Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. Parthenogenesis

34
Q

three major types of insect development

A

ametabolous (direct), hemimetabolous (incomplete), and holometabolous (complete)

35
Q

Stages of ametabolous development and examples

A

Egg -> juvenile -> adult. silverfish and springtails

36
Q

stages of hemimetabolous development and examples

A

Egg -> nymph -> adult.
Grasshoppers, cicadas, true bugs, dragonflies

37
Q

stages of holometabolous development and examples

A

Egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult. 88% of insects.
Butterflies, bees, wasps

38
Q

Warning coloration strategy that advertises toxicity is called

A

Aposematic coloration

39
Q

Camouflage in shape and color to escape predation

A

crypsis

40
Q

Two types of Aposematic coloration

A

Mullerian mimicry - both species are toxic and colored same
Batesian mimicry - one species is toxic, the nontoxic mimics the toxic to evade predators

41
Q

Bee drones develop by ___ while queen and workers develop by ___

A

parthenogenesis (haploid), fertilized eggs (diploid)

42
Q

queen bee has to ingest ____ secreted by nurse worker bees

A

royal jelly

43
Q

Biological control strategies of insects

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, other insects (predation example?)

BI211 Comparative Anatomy & Physiology (1 decks)

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