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Heavy Equipment Technician Period 4 > HET 4 CLUTCH > Flashcards

HET 4 CLUTCH Flashcards

190401A CLUTCH

1
Q

Spring loaded clutches have three styles of spring, what are they?

A

Perpendicular, diaphragm and angle

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2
Q

What are the two types of spring clutches?

A

Push and Pull type

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3
Q

When the operator pushes the clutch pedal to the floorboard, is the clutch engaged or disengaged?

A

Disengaged

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4
Q

The springs in the clutch are held in the engage or disengaged position?

A

Engaged

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5
Q

Where are the pressure springs usually located?

A

between the clutch cover and pressure plate

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6
Q

When a spring-loaded clutch is engaged what happens to the clutch disc, pressure plate and flywheel friction surface?

A

The clutch disc is held tightly between the pressure plate and flywheel friction surfaces

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7
Q

True or False

In a spring-loaded clutch, when engaged two out of three components rotate together at the same speed?

A

FALSE all three components rotate together at the same speed

Pressure plate, clutch disc, flywheel friction surface

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8
Q

What dictates a clutch is a PUSH or PULL type?

A

The direction the release bearing is going

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9
Q

Pull-type clutches are used on what level of vehicles?

A

medium to heavy duty

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10
Q

The release bearing pushes or pulls on what part of the component?

A

Release levers

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11
Q

When the clutch disc is disengaged what moves together?

A

Clutch cover/pressure plate assembly rotates with the flywheel

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12
Q

When a clutch is getting ridden a lot what will wear?

a) flywheel
b) clutch disc
c) friction material
d) pressure plate

A

c) The clutch friction material - lining

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13
Q

Spring strength comes from what?

A

Its compression

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14
Q

When a spring has to travel further what happens to its pressure application ability?

A

it gets weaker

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15
Q

When adjusting clutch’s lever pivot point what are we adjusting?

A

The spring force available

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16
Q

Does free play become more or less when the clutch is worn severely?

A

Less free play

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17
Q

In medium - heavy duty truck, what is the common clutch type?

A

Pull type

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18
Q

What are two things that dictate if the clutch is a push or pull type?

A

Release bearing travel and release levers travel

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19
Q

What are the four ways to find the size of a clutch?

A

diameter of the disc
outside diameter of the clutch shaft
number of splines in the hub
number of dampening springs

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20
Q

Where is a flywheel mounted to making it run at engine speeds?

A

Crankshaft flange

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21
Q

What are two types of flywheels?

A

Flat and Countersunk

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22
Q

How many reservoirs does a hydraulic clutch master cylinder have?

A

ONE

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23
Q

If a hydraulic clutch actuation mechanism fails, what is the complaint?

A

Clutch will not disengage

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24
Q

What type of air is used in a air over hydraulic assist for clutch use?

A

compressed air

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25
Q

When an operator releases the pedal what position is the clutch in?

A

Engaged

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26
Q

What are the actuation mechanisms used for clutches?

A

Mechanical linkage
Hydraulic
Air over Hydraulic

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27
Q

In a vehicle where the transmission/engine are VERY far from the operator pedal, what actuation mechanism is used?

A

Hydraulic
or
Air over Hydraulic

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28
Q

If the engine/transmission is close to the operators clutch pedal, what actuation mechanism is most likely to be used?

A

Mechanical Linkage

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29
Q

If a clutch pedal linked to a mechanical linkage has lots of free play but the clutch is adjusted correctly, what is cause?

A

The bearings, rod end and/or bushings in the linkage are worn

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30
Q

Out of the three clutch actuation mechanisms, which is the least expensive?

A

Mechanical linkage

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31
Q

Flat flywheels are used on a single or a double disc clutch assembly?

A

Both

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32
Q

If there are air bubbles in the hydraulic clutch system, what is the operators complaint?

A

Spongy pedal

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33
Q

If a clutch pedal has excessive side to side movement, what should a tech be looking for as the cause?

A

Worn bushings in the pedal linkage

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34
Q

What are basic inspections on a hydraulic clutch that a technician can do?

A

Check lines for damage and wear
Check for leaks
Pedal movement/feel
Reservoir level and fluid condition

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35
Q

When installing a new master cylinder in a hydraulic clutch assembly what should be done FIRST?

A

Bench bleed the master cylinder

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36
Q

A rod end link is considered failed when what movement is felt?

A

The ball can move separately from the socket

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37
Q

What law is followed in hydraulics?

A

Pascall’s law

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38
Q

Do perpendicular spring clutches have helper springs?

A

NO

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39
Q

What spring clutch has helper springs?

A

Angle springs

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40
Q

In an air over hydraulic clutch mechanism, where do the clutch master cylinder send pressurized fluid to when the pedal is pushed on?

A

To the integral hydraulic cylinder

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41
Q

What is the air chamber’s default position in an air over hydraulic clutch mechanism?

A

Exhaust to atmospher

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42
Q

List the controlled and assist pressures in an air over hydraulic clutch mechanism?

A

Hydraulic - Control

Air - Assist

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43
Q

True or False

If clutch discs are the same size they can handle the same torque loads?

A

False, diameter is not the only thing that matters when rating a clutch disc

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44
Q

Do flywheels need to be measured for thickness and true rotation when replacing the clutch or troubleshooting a clutch fault?

A

Yes, its a wearable component

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45
Q

What drives the intermediate plate in a system with a countersunk flywheel system?

A

Flywheel

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46
Q

What is the point of an intermediate plate?

A

Additional friction surface

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47
Q

Clutch covers are usually made from?

A

Cast iron
or
Stamped steel

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48
Q

Which is better for heavy duty applications, cast iron clutch covers or stamped steel?

A

Cast iron is heavier and can absorb more heat

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49
Q

Why can a clutch design with 2 clutch discs handle more torque?

A

Larger surface area (double)

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50
Q

What are two PROs to stamped steel clutch covers?

A

Higher engine speeds and Lighter

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51
Q

Anything directly coupled to the flywheel/crank are considered what kind of member?
Driven or Drive

A

Drive

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52
Q

Anything directly coupled to the transmission is considered what kind of member?
Driven or Drive

A

Driven

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53
Q

Rigid clutch discs how is the lining connected to it?

A

Bonded or riveted

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54
Q

Where are rigid clutches used? What type of application?

A

Where there is a limit amount of engagement and disengagement occur

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55
Q

Dampened clutch discs are considered flexible or rigid?

A

Flexible

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56
Q

What is used on a dampened clutch disc to absorb torsional shock loads?

A

spring-loaded, limited-movement mechanism

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57
Q

What do dampened clutch discs do to service life of the clutch?

A

Extend clutch service life

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58
Q

What are the two types of clutch disc linings materials?

A

Organic and Ceramic

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59
Q

What clutch disc lining should be used where high heat will be encountered?

A

Ceramic

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60
Q

Organic clutch linings in CANADA are made with asbestos?

A

No, asbestos is not legal in Canada

BUT it can be used when manufactured in another country

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61
Q

In an NAO clutch disc lining what could be added to the material?

A

binders, resins, fillers, metallic particles

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62
Q

Is it more likely for a ceramic clutch disc lining to last longer than a organic clutch disc lining?

A

Yes

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63
Q

An intermediate plate is used when?

A

Two clutch discs are used

64
Q

It is normal for the intermediate plate to be fastened tightly to the flywheel/clutch cover?

A

No, should have some movement

65
Q

What component helps stop intermediate plate vibrations and reduce noise?

A

Anti-rattle springs

66
Q

What could be driving an intermediate plate that is being driven by the clutch cover?

A

Drive Strap

67
Q

A clutch that sounds like it is “rattling” when engaged could be a result of?

A

A broken dampening springs in the clutch disc

68
Q

A clutch is starting to feel like its causing hard shifts, what could be the cause?

A

broken dampening springs in the clutch disc

69
Q

If the pressure plate is moving towards the clutch cover where is it moving away from?

A

The flywheel (engine)

70
Q

Does diaphragm clutch have more or less release levers compared to an angle spring style clutch?

A

diaphragm has More

71
Q

What does the clutch pedal connect to push/pull the release bearing?

A

Yoke (release yoke)

72
Q

How much gap should there be between the yoke and release bearing?

A

1/8”

73
Q

Operator complains the clutch is feeling stiff or harder, what could be the cause?

A

Worn clutch disc

74
Q

When you short stroke the clutch pedal while making a shift what will be the result?

A

Stress on the shift diodes (synchronizers) - premature failure

75
Q

What generally causes premature failures of transmissions and clutches?

A

Abuse from operator

76
Q

What can cause a failure of a self-adjuster in the clutch?

A

Contamination - tiny teeth

77
Q

As a clutch wears what will need to be done to get free travel back?

A

Adjustment - manual

won’t need to be done if auto adjusters are installed

78
Q

Which type of clutch can have an internal threaded ring that you must unlock first before adjusting the clutch?

A

Pull-type

79
Q

True or False

All push-type clutches have self adjusting clutches?

A

FALSE

80
Q

When does a clutch brake activate?

A

When the operator is shifting from neutral to first or reverse gear

81
Q

What does a clutch brake prevent?

A

Gear teeth clash during gear selection

82
Q

What is the purpose of the clutch brake?

A

To stop rotation of the transmission input shaft

83
Q

True or False

Release bearings push up against the clutch brake when the clutch is disengaged?

A

True

84
Q

At what point in clutch pedal travel should the clutch brake activated? (squeezed)

A

1/2”-1” from the floor (bottom of travel)

85
Q

What can cause premature failure of the clutch brake?

A

contamination, improper use

86
Q

Operator complains the truck is hard to get into 1st gear and reverse gear, what could be the cause?

A

Failed clutch brake

87
Q

What is considered improper use of the clutch brake?

A

engaging the clutch brake while traveling in 2-6th gear

88
Q

Do you need to replace the clutch to replace the clutch brake?

A

NO, clutch brake will have to be installed in two pieces

89
Q

A multi piece clutch brake is split into halves?

A

No, has multiple friction discs and plates

90
Q

When removing a clutch brake from the shaft what will need to be done?

A

the clutch brake will have to be split in half

91
Q

A torque-limiting clutch brake has how many pieces?

A

one-piece

92
Q

At what torque level will the torque-limiting clutch brake slip at?

A

A pre-determined torque load

93
Q

If a clutch brake is able to slip what will happen to service life of the component?

A

service life will be extended

94
Q

Is it common for medium-heavy duty trucks to have clutch brakes?

A

Yes highly common

95
Q

What will prolong clutch service life?

A

regular inspection, adjustment, keep clean

96
Q

If a flywheel has a deep gouge into it from a rock being dragging around, can it simply be machined/cut to refresh the face of the flywheel?

A

Depending on the depth of the cut, flywheel must be above minimum thickness

97
Q

How many operators using a piece of equipment is preferred for prolonged service life of clutch components?

A

One operator using the piece of equipment

98
Q

True or False

Its a good thing when oil gets inside the clutch housing?

A

False - clutch lining material will not do well if contaminated with oil

99
Q

Where could the oil contamination in a clutch housing come from?

A

Rear main housing seal

100
Q

During clutch slippage what is created?

A

HEAT

101
Q

What usually needs to be removed to replace a clutch?

A

Transmission

102
Q

When starting to move a vehicle with a heavy load what gear should be selected?

A

The lowest gear

103
Q

If the clamp load is decreased on a clutch, what will be the result?

A

Slippage

104
Q

Dragging clutch occurs when?

A

Clutch disc is not quickly freed from the flywheel or pressure plate when the pedal is depressed

105
Q

What can a dragging clutch cause?

A

Gear clash - gear tooth damage - difficulty shifting

106
Q

Describe free play

A

The amount of movement of the clutch pedal before resistance is encountered
ie. 1” (or manufacture spec)

107
Q

Free play is also called?

A

Free pedal

108
Q

What can cause chattering in a clutch?

A

Wear in external components

109
Q

Over heating a clutch can do what to the clutch disc?

A

clutch disc can warp

110
Q

Lubrication contamination of the clutch lining could give what symptom?

A

Chatting during engagement and disengagement

111
Q

A glazed clutch disc that is worn in an unusual pattern could be caused by?

A

Lubrication contamination

112
Q

If a clutch disc lining falls off due to a manufacture defect, what may the operator complaint be?

A

Noise in the rear end, transmission or u-joint

Confirm all clutch components are correct

113
Q

It is not important to have balanced clutch components?

A

No, an imbalance can cause vibrations

114
Q

What should be used when moving the heavy clutch over assembly away from the engine?

A

Two Long Guide Studs

115
Q

What should be used to help control the clutch discs while the clutch is removed?

A

Clutch disc aligning tool

116
Q

When removing clutch cover fasteners what should a technician be aware of?

A

removal pattern from manufacture spec

117
Q

What are somethings a technician should do before removing transmissions/clutch components?

A

Clean the area and disconnect the battery

118
Q

What must be done before setting the clutch free pedal?

A

Checked all of the external linkage for wear and signs of binding, must be properly lubricated

119
Q

To check the flywheel bore runout what position does the dial-indicator need to be in?

A

90° to the surface

120
Q

Is it possible for crankshaft end play to affect shifting?

A

Yes if it is out of allowable limits

pg 32 190401a

121
Q

What is done to move the crankshaft to the limit of its travel?

A

A pry bar between the flywheel and flywheel housing

122
Q

Why should you check crankshaft end play more than once?

A

To squeeze out oil film, giving a more accurate reading

123
Q

What should be used to disassemble the pressure plate?

A

A press system (adapter)

124
Q

What should be used to clean clutch components?

A

steam, water, brake cleaning solution

125
Q

What should never be used to clean clutch components?

A

Grease, oil based products, varsol

126
Q

An operator complains the clutch feels like it is dragging/grabbing. What could be the cause?

A

Flywheel face runout is beyond specs

127
Q

EXAMPLE

Face runout measurement - first spot negative (-0.005”), next spot positive (+0.008”), what is total runout?

A

0.013” is total run out

add numbers together (positive and negative don’t count)

128
Q

Before checking the flywheel housing face runout what must be checked?

A

Flywheel runout (face and bore)

129
Q

What should be used to install a flywheel?

A

guide studs

130
Q

What is the procedure for torquing a flywheel on?

A

Four step process 1/3, 2/3, full and recheck .

with recommended torque pattern

131
Q

When installing a clutch with two clutch discs, what should the intermediate plate be contacting before installing the clutch assembly?

A

Both clutch disc friction surfaces

132
Q

How can timing be verified on an unknown engine?

A

Steel rod in injector hole, dial indicator on the end of the rod. Bar engine over to find TDC

133
Q

Manufactures do what to clutch facing to help with assembly?

A

Stamp identifying marks on facings, to indicate flywheel side

134
Q

In a push-type clutch with a hydraulic master cylinder what needs to be done after the clutch has been adjusted?

A

Pushrods must be secured in the locked positions

135
Q

What are some clearances that manufacturers might recommend to be checked? ( part a between part b)

A
  1. between yoke and release bearing
  2. between release bearing and release levels
  3. between rear of release bearing and front of clutch brake
136
Q

How is clutch brake operation tested?

A

Vehicle stationary, engine running and the transmission is shifted from neutral to low and reverse gear

137
Q

After a thorough road test and clutch is confirmed to operating correctly, the clutch free pedal has been rechecked. What should be communicated to the operator?

A

The clutch should be readjusted at the first oil change service interval

138
Q

What is the operator complaint if the centrifugal force clutch fails in the engaged position?

A

Engine is hard to start

Drive component is always moving

139
Q

What two forces do centrifugal clutches utilize?

A

Centrifugal force

Friction Force

140
Q

What could cause a centrifugal force clutch to stay engaged?

A

Release/return springs have failed

141
Q

At full load speed what position are the shoes in against the drum? What is the result?

A

Shoes are locked against drum and there is no slippage

142
Q

What supports the load in a centrifugal force clutch assembly?

a) clutch material
b) bearings
c) shaft
d) weights

A

Bearings

143
Q

Which component is spring controlled in a centrifugal force clutch?

A

Friction shoes

144
Q

What tools are used to measure the warpage of a pressure plate or intermediate plate?

A

Straight edge

Feeler Gauge

145
Q

Where can oil/grease contamination come from in a clutch?

A

Engine rear main oil seal (leaking), transmission input shaft oil seal(leaking), excessive grease used on the release bearing

146
Q

Explain why a clutch release bearing is used?

A

A rotating release bearing will minimize wear of the release levers during engagement/disengagement process

147
Q

In what applications would a rigid clutch disc be used?

A

Where limited amount of engagement and disengagement occur

148
Q

Push type clutches are usually used on what class of vehicle?

A

light-medium duty

149
Q

If a flywheel has some hot spotting can be it reused or it must be replaced?

A

If it can be resurfaced with machining it can be used - minimum thickness

150
Q

Chattering clutches basic cause is from?

A

Partial engagement

151
Q

What causes the MOST wear to a clutch friction disc?

A

Clutch slippage

152
Q

Do engines and transmission need to have concentric alignment?

A

Yes

153
Q

Internal plate is rattling (noisy) what can be done?

A

Anti-rattle springs could be used between the drive pins and intermediate plate drive slots

154
Q

The springs inside a clutch friction disc are called?

A

Torsion Dampening springs

155
Q

The cut out lines that are in a clutch friction disc can do what?

A

Help remove debris from wearing material
Help with cool down
Help with release, avoid friction disc from sticking

Heavy Equipment Technician Period 4 (13 decks)

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