Hess's Law and the indirect determination of enthalpy changea

Question 1

what is Hess’s Law ?

Answer 1

enthalpy change in converting reactants to products is the same regardless of the route taken, provided that the initial and final conditions are the same

Question 2

how to draw Hess’s Cycles giving experimental data?

Answer 2

Write reaction ran at the top
Draw arrows pointing downwards
At the bottom, put the products of the two reactions (neutralisation, decomposition)
Work against/ with the arrows to calculate enthalpy change

Question 3

what states are bonds in Hess’s Cycles ?

Answer 3

any bond breaking/ bond making is with gaseous atoms