HESI PREP Flashcards
What does Superior mean?
Toward the head, or toward the upper body region
What does inferior mean?
Toward the lower body region
What does anterior mean?
On the belly or front side of the body
What is another word for anterior?
Ventral
What does posterior mean?
On the buttock or back side of the body
What is another word for posterior?
dorsal
What does distal mean?
Furthest away from the point of reference
What does proximal mean?
Near the trunk or middle part of the body
What does medial mean?
close to the midline of the body
What does lateral mean?
Away from the midline of the body
Epi-
on/upon
hyper-
over
hypo-
under
intra-
within
para-
beside
per-
through
peri-
around/surrounding
sub-
under
-coccus
spherical bacterium
-ia
condition
-ectomy
removal
-malacia
softening
-tomy
to cut
-rrhea
discharge
-plasty
surgical repair
-opsy
view of
What does the cranial cavity contain?
the brain
What does the spinal cavity contain?
spinal cord, this extends from the brainstem in the cranial cavity to the end of the spinal cord
What does the thoracic cavity consist of?
lungs, heart, and large blood vessels. It is separated by the abdomen and the diaphragm
what does the abdominal cavity consist of?
stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys. It is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm
What does the pelvic cavity consist of?
urinary bladder, urinary structures, and reproductive organs
What are the main things that circulate in the Circulatory system?
nutrients, gases, wastes, and other substances throughout the body
What systems includes the heart and the movement of blood?
Circulatory system
How does the blood in the heart work?
The heart pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs, and once the blood is in the lungs, it is oxygenated and returned to the heart.
Where is the heart located in the rib cage?
Between the 2nd and 6th rib
What is the narrower part of the heart called?
Apex
What is the cavity that holds the heart called?
Pericardial cavity
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
What is the epicardium?
The outermost layer of the heart
What is the myocardium?
The middle layer of the heart
What is the endocardium?
The smooth innermost layer of the heart that keeps the blood from sticking to the inside of the heart .
How does the blood flow through the heart?
- Superior/Inferior vena cava
- Right atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary Valve
- Pulmonary artery/trunk
- Lungs for oxygenation
- Pulmonary vessels
- Left Atrium
- Mitral valve
- Left ventricle
- Aortic Valve
- Aorta
How many chamber are there in the heart?
4
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
- Right Atria
- Left Atria
- Right Ventricles
- Left Ventricles
What is the job of the ventricles?
They pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body
What half of the heart is responsible for pumping blood thought the body?
Left
Which node of the heart is known as the pacemaker?
SA node
