HESI practice Flashcards
A preschool-age child who is hospitalized for hypospadias repair is most strongly influenced by which behavior?
Ability to communicate verbally.
Response to separation from family.
Concern for body integrity.
Socialization with other children.
Concern for body integrity.
What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for an infant with pyloric stenosis?
Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis.
Estimate the quantity of diarrhea stools.
Place in a supine position after feeding.
Observe for projectile vomiting.
Observe for projectile vomiting.
Which finding in a 19-year-old female client should trigger further assessment by the nurse?
Menstruation has not occurred.
Reports no tetanus immunization since childhood.
Denies having any wisdom teeth.
History of painful, inward growth on bottom of foot.
Menstruation has not occurred.
The clinic nurse is taking the history for a new 6-month-old client. The mother reports that she took a great deal of aspirin while pregnant. Which assessment should the nurse obtain?
Type of reaction to loud noises.
Any surgeries on the ears since birth.
Drainage from the infant’s ears.
Number of ear infections since birth.
Type of reaction to loud noises.
Which growth and development characteristic should the nurse consider when monitoring the effects of a topical medication for an infant?
A _____ stratum corneum that increases topical absorption.
A thin stratum corneum that increases topical absorption.
Which action by the nurse is most helpful in communicating with a preschool-aged child?
Speak clearly and directly to the child.
Use a doll to play and communicate.
Approach when a parent is not present.
Play a board game with the child.
Use a doll to play and communicate.
All of the following interventions can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing and medical interventions used to treat diarrhea. Which intervention is least useful in the nurse’s evaluation of a 20-month-old child?
Weighing diapers.
Assessing fontanels.
Checking skin turgor.
Observing mucous membranes for moisture.
Assessing fontanels.
Which restraint should be used for a toddler after a cleft palate repair?
Clove hitch.
Mummy.
Elbow.
Jacket.
Elbow.
During administration of a blood transfusion, a child complains of chills, headache, and nausea. Which action should the nurse implement?
Start another IV of dextrose solution and stay with the child.
Continue the transfusion and monitor the child’s vital signs.
Stop the infusion immediately and notify the healthcare provider.
Slow the transfusion and assess for cessation of symptoms.
Stop the infusion immediately and notify the healthcare provider.
The mother of a 4-year-old child asks the nurse what she can do to help her other children cope with their sibling’s repeated hospitalizations. Which is the best response that the nurse should offer?
Inform the parent that the other children are too young to visit the hospital.
Suggest that the other children visit a grandmother until the sibling returns home.
Ask the mother if the children ask when the sibling will be discharged.
Encourage the mother to have the children visit the hospitalized sibling.
Encourage the mother to have the children visit the hospitalized sibling.
When assessing a child with asthma, the nurse should expect intercostal retractions during
inspiration.
coughing.
apneic episodes.
expiration.
inspiration.
A 2-year-old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical examination. The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome?
Congenital heart disease.
Fragile X chromosome.
Trisomy 13.
Pyloric stenosis.
Congenital heart disease.
When taking the health history of a child, the nurse knows that which finding is an early indication of hypothyroidism in children?
Hyperactive behavioral traits.
Delay in the eruption of permanent teeth.
Slow sexual development, but within normal range.
Cessation of growth in a child that had been normal.
Cessation of growth in a child that had been normal.
A child with cystic fibrosis is having stools that float and are foul smelling. Which descriptive term should the nurse use to document the finding?
Diarrhea.
Rhinorrhea.
Galactorrhea.
Steatorrhea.
Steatorrhea.
The nurse is assessing the neurovascular status of a child in Russell’s traction. Which finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
Pale bluish coloration of the toes.
Skin is warm and dry to the touch.
Toes are wiggled upon command.
Capillary refill less than 3 seconds.
Pale bluish coloration of the toes.
A 12-month-old boy is admitted with a respiratory infection and possible pneumonia. He is placed in a mist tent with oxygen. Which nursing intervention has the greatest priority for this infant?
Give small, frequent feedings of fluids.
Accurately chart observations regarding breath sounds.
Have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions.
Encourage older siblings to visit.
Have a bulb syringe readily available to remove secretions.
The parents of a 3-week-old infant report that the child eats well but, vomits after each feeding. What information is most important for the nurse to obtain?
Description of vomiting episodes in past 24 hours.
Number of wet diapers in last 24 hours.
Feeding and sleep schedule.
Amount of formula consumed during the past 24 hours.
Description of vomiting episodes in past 24 hours.
A 3-month-old infant develops oral thrush. Which pharmacologic agent should the nurse plan to administer for treatment of this disorder?
Nystatin (Mycostatin).
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin).
Norfloxacin (Noroxin).
Neomycin sulfate (Mycifradin).
Nystatin (Mycostatin).
The nurse observes a 4-year-old boy in a daycare setting. Which behavior should the nurse consider normal for this child?
Has a temper tantrum when told he must share his toys.
Plays by himself most of the day.
Demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story.
Begins to cry and is fearful when separated from his parents.
Demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story.
The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). This child should be carefully assessed for which complication?
Poor skin turgor resulting from dehydration.
Changes in level of consciousness.
Premature aging as the disease progresses.
Severe edema from an excess of water and sodium.
Changes in level of consciousness.
An 18-month-old is admitted to the hospital with possible Hirschsprung’s disease. When obtaining a nursing history, the nurse asks about bowel habits. What description of the disease?
Foul-smelling and fatty.
Bile-colored and watery.
Semi-solid and yellow.
Ribbon-like and brown.
Ribbon-like and brown.
When planning the care for a child who has had a cleft lip repair, the nurse knows that crying should be minimized because it
increases salivation.
increases the respiratory rate.
leads to vomiting.
stresses the suture line.
stresses the suture line.
The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old child who has a medical diagnosis of Tetrology of Fallot. Which symptom is this client most likely to exhibit?
Bradycardia.
Machinery murmur.
Weak pedal pulses.
Clubbed fingers.
Clubbed fingers.
A 3-year-old client with sickle cell anemia is admitted to the Emergency Department with abdominal pain. The nurse palpates an enlarged liver, an x-ray reveals an enlarged spleen, and a CBC reveals anemia. These findings indicate which type of crisis?
Aplastic.
Sequestration.
Hyperhemolytic.
Vaso-occlusive.
Sequestration.
A full-term infant is admitted to the newborn nursery. After careful assessment, the nurse suspects that the infant may have an esophageal atresia. Which symptoms is this newborn likely to have exhibited?
Choking, coughing, and cyanosis.
Projectile vomiting and cyanosis.
Apneic spells and grunting.
Scaphoid abdomen and anorexia.
Choking, coughing, and cyanosis.
In developing a teaching plan for a 5-year-old child with diabetes, which component of diabetic management should the nurse plan for the child to manage first?
Food planning and selection.
Administering insulin injections.
Process of glucose testing.
Drawing up the correct insulin dose.
Process of glucose testing.
A child falls on the playground and is brought to the school nurse with a small laceration on the forearm. Which action should the nurse implement first?
Slowly pour hydrogen peroxide over the open wound.
Apply ice to the area before rinsing with cold water.
Wash the wound gently with mild soap and water.
Gently cleanse with a sterile pad using povidone-iodine.
Wash the wound gently with mild soap and water.
An infant is born with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and surgery is planned to correct the defect. The nurse recognizes that surgical correction is designed to achieve which outcome?
Stop the flow of unoxygenated blood into systemic circulation.
Increase the flow of unoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
Reduce peripheral tissue hypoxia and nailbed clubbing.
Prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
The nurse is teaching a mother to give 4 ml of a liquid antibiotic to a 10-month-old infant. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?
“I will give this antibiotic to my child until it is finished.”
“Using a teaspoon will help me measure this correctly.”
“I will call the clinic if my child develops a rash or itching.”
“My baby should begin to feel better within a few days.”
“Using a teaspoon will help me measure this correctly.”
A 5-month-old is admitted to the hospital with vomiting and diarrhea. The pediatrician prescribes dextrose 5% and 0.25% normal saline with 2 mEq KCl/100 ml to be infused at 25 ml/hour. Prior to initiating the infusion, the nurse should obtain which assessment finding?
Frequency of emesis in the last 8 hours.
Serum BUN and creatinine levels.
Current blood sugar level.
Appearance of the stool.
Serum BUN and creatinine levels.
Which behavior would the nurse expect a two-year-old child to exhibit?
Build a house with blocks.
Ride a tricycle.
Display possessiveness of toys.
Look at a picture book for 15 minutes.
Display possessiveness of toys.
A three-month old boy weighing 10 lbs 15 oz has an axillary temperature of 98.9 F. The nurse determines the daily caloric need for this child is approximately
400 calories per day.
500 calories per day.
600 calories per day.
700 calories per day.
600 calories per day.
