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Hesi Flashcards

1
Q

how do you divide fractions

A

times the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction

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2
Q

0 degrees Celsius equals what in Fahrenheit

A

32 degrees

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3
Q

I kilometer equals how many meters

A

1000 meters

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4
Q

I meter equals how many centimeters

A

100 centimeters

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5
Q

2.54 centimeters equals how many inches

A

1 inch

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6
Q

I inch equals how many centimeters

A

2.54 centimeters

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7
Q

1 liter equals how many milliliters

A

1000 millimeters

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8
Q

1 cubic centimeter equals how many milliliters

A

1 milliliter

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9
Q

how many grams are in 1 kilogram

A

1000 grams

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10
Q

how many milligrams are in 1 gram

A

1000 milligrams

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11
Q

how many pounds are in 1 ton

A

2000 pounds

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12
Q

how many ounces are in 1 pounds

A

16 ounces

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13
Q

how many pounds are in 1 kilogram

A

2.2 pounds

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14
Q

how many quarts are in one gallon

A

4 quarts

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15
Q

how many ounces are in 1 gallon

A

128 ounces

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16
Q

how many ounces are in 1 quart

A

32 ounces

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17
Q

how many cups are in 1 pint

A

2 cups

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18
Q

how many ounces are in 1 cup

A

8 ounces

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19
Q

how many milliliters are in 1 ounce

A

30 milliliters

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20
Q

how many pints are in 1 quart

A

2 pints

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21
Q

conjunction

A

a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. (and, but, or, so , nor, for, and yet)

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22
Q

interjection

A

a word or phrase that expresses emotion (YIKES, Whew)

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23
Q

clause

A

group of words that has a subject and predicate

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24
Q

independent clause

A

expresses a complete thought and can stand alone.

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25
Q

dependent clause

A

begins with a subordinating conjunction. does not express a complete thought and can not stand alone

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26
Q

direct object

A

the person or thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb

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27
Q

indirect object

A

the person or thing that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb. can only have one if there is a direct object. answers the questions to whom, for whom, or for what.

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28
Q

predicate

A

part of the sentence that tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject.

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29
Q

declarative sentence

A

makes a statement

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30
Q

interrogative sentence

A

asks a question

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31
Q

imperative sentence

A

makes a command or request

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32
Q

exclamatory sentence

A

makes an exclamation

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33
Q

euphemism

A

vague term that has been substituted for one that is considered harsh

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34
Q

affect vs effect

A

affect is used as a verb that means to influence or to change. effect may be used as a noun or verb. as a verb it means result or outcome and as a verb it means to bring about or accomplish.

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35
Q

farther vs further

A

farther refers to measurable distance while further refers to a greater extent

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36
Q

fewer vs less

A

fewer refers to things that can be numbered or counted and used with plural nouns, while less refers to the degree or amount and used with singular nouns

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37
Q

which vs that

A

which is used to introduce nonessential clauses. that is used to introduce essential clauses

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38
Q

denotative vs connotative

A

denotative meaning of a word is the literal meaning while connotative meaning includes the emotional reaction

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39
Q

how do I find 80% of 65

A

x/65=80/100 solace for x

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40
Q

in roman numerals M equals

A

1000

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41
Q

in Roman numerals D equals

A

500

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42
Q

in Roman numerals C equal

A

100

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43
Q

in Roman numerals L equals

A

50

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44
Q

in Roman numerals x equals

A

10

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45
Q

order of operations?

A

parentheses, exponents, multiply and divide from left to right, and add and subtract from left to right

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46
Q

boiling point of water is

A

100 degree celsius or 212 degree Fahrenheit

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47
Q

freezing point of water is

A

0 degree. celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit

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48
Q

how many yards are in a mile?

A

1,760 yards

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49
Q

what is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen poor blood?

A

pulmonary artery

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50
Q

ligament?

A

connect bone to bone

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51
Q

tendons?

A

connect muscle to bone

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52
Q

epithelial tissue lacks?

A

blood vessels which means it is avascular

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53
Q

transverse plane separates

A

the body into superior and inferior parts

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54
Q

the sagittal plane separates the body into

A

left and right halves

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55
Q

the coronal plane separates the body

A

into dorsal and ventral sections

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56
Q

blood vessels enter and exit bones through

A

foramina

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57
Q

what is the primary pacemaker of the heart

A

the SA node

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58
Q

interstitial fluid is where is the body

A

in the tissues around the cells

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59
Q

what is the bladder capacity of the average adult?

A

500 ml

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60
Q

temporal lobe is involved in

A

auditory information

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61
Q

the parietal lobe processes

A

taste, touch, and temperature

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62
Q

the occipital lobe processes

A

visual processing

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63
Q

what is the relationship between sarcomeres and muscle cells

A

muscle cells contain myofibrils, which are made of sarcomeres

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64
Q

simple reflexes travel through

A

the spinal cord only and do not reach the brain

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65
Q

what function does estrogen serve

A

emotional expression, problem solving, memory, and language

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66
Q

what function does estrogen serve

A

emotional expression, problem solving, memory, and language

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67
Q

roles of cortisol?

A

reducing inflammation, raising blood sugar, and inhibiting the release of histamine

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68
Q

the bade of the skull is also known as

A

foramen magnum

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69
Q

cyclic AMP does what?

A

acts as a secondary messenger that remains at the cells surface

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70
Q

what is responsible for differentiation of cells

A

hormones

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71
Q

what is included in the alimentary canal

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus (digestive tract from mouth to anus)

72
Q

most widely distributed type of sweat gland

A

eccrine

73
Q

epiphysis vs diaphysis

A

epiphysis is the ends of the bone. diaphysis is the middle area of the bone

74
Q

axial skeleton

A

consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate

75
Q

appendicular skeleton consists of

A

the limbs and girdles.

76
Q

emphysema

A

alveoli has troubles exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the blood

77
Q

if you have emphysema you will have difficulty with what type of respiration

A

external

78
Q

functions of the liver

A

blood detoxification, stores glucose, production of bile

79
Q

bile is made in? stored in?

A

bile is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

80
Q

the mitral valve in the heart

A

located between the left atrium and left ventricle

81
Q

the tricuspid valve

A

found between the right atrium and right ventricle

82
Q

where are neurotransmitters are released where?

A

myelin sheath at the axon terminal of neuron

83
Q

where are sperm created?

A

in the testes

84
Q

where are sperm stored and going through the final maturation process

A

in the epididymis

85
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney called?

A

the nephron, which eliminates wastes and regulates electrolytes, blood pressure, blood volume, and blood ph

86
Q

direct function of the kidney

A

regulate blood volume, regulate ph, and regulate blood pressure

87
Q

how much blood does an average male and average female have?

A

male: 5-6 liters. female: 4-5 liters

88
Q

the master gland of the body is the

A

pituitary gland because it influences other glands

89
Q

insulin is produced in the

A

the beta cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans)

90
Q

insulin facilitates

A

the absorption of glucose by body cells

91
Q

a dependent clause begins with words such as

A

although, since, if, when, and because

92
Q

simple predicate

A

the verb in the sentence (an action word)

93
Q

colon is used

A

to indicate that more information follows the first part of the sentence

94
Q

the semicolon is used

A

when the second part is simply related to the first part

95
Q

subordinate clause

A

cannot stand by themselves because they do not contain a complete thought

96
Q

Epicardium

A

outermost layer of the heart

97
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer of the heart that contains the cardiac muscular tissue

98
Q

endocardium

A

smooth innermost layer that keeps blood from sticking inside the heart

99
Q

arteries

A

transport the blood away from the heart

100
Q

veins

A

bring blood from the body back to the heart

101
Q

superior vena cava

A

ascends from the right atrium and connects to the head and neck

102
Q

inferior vena cava

A

descends from the right atrium

103
Q

what in blood is vital for clotting

A

platelets also called thrombocytes

104
Q

systole

A

cardiac muscles contracting and moving blood

105
Q

diastole

A

cardiac muscles relaxing and chambers expanding to fill with blood

106
Q

when taking blood pressure the sounds you here in order are

A

systolic then diastolic

107
Q

heart chamber with the thickest wall

A

the left ventricle

108
Q

blood from the left ventricle goes to

A

goes to the body through the aorta and aortic arch

109
Q

blood from the right ventricle goes to

A

the lungs through the pulmonary artery

110
Q

blood in the right atrium comes from

A

from the body through the inferior and superior vena cava

111
Q

blood in the left atrium comes from

A

the lungs through the pulmonary veins

112
Q

how many lobes does each lung have

A

right lung has 3 and the left lung has 2

113
Q

what muscles contract during inhalation

A

diaphragm and external intercostals

114
Q

what muscles relax and contract during exhalation

A

diaphragm and the external intercostals relax and the internal intercostals contract

115
Q

section and number of bones in each section of spine

A

cervical has seven, thoracic has 12, lumber has 5. sacral and coccyx

116
Q

how many bones do adults have

A

206

117
Q

sarcolemma

A

serve as a conductor for electrical and chemical signals telling the muscle to contract

118
Q

two types of skeletal muscle

A

type 1 contract slowly and type 2 contract quickly

119
Q

bone that remains stationary

A

origin

120
Q

bone that is actually moving

A

insertion

121
Q

muscle responsible for action

A

agonist

122
Q

muscle that does the opposite action than the responsible muscle

A

antagonist

123
Q

isotonic muscle contractions

A

produce movement

124
Q

isometric muscle contractions

A

maintain posture and stillness

125
Q

myofibrils

A

cause muscle contractions

126
Q

central nervous system is made up of

A

brain and spinal cord. responsible for processing and storing info

127
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

gathering info and transporting to cns

128
Q

efferent neurons

A

(motor neurons) transmit signals from cns to muscles and organs

129
Q

afferent neurons

A

(sensory neurons) transmit signals from sensory stimuli to the cns

130
Q

glial cells

A

also called neuroglia are the maintenance cells for neurons

131
Q

meninges is made up of three layers. name them

A

dear mater- outer part, arachnoid mater- middle, and Pia mater- directly covers the surface of the brain

132
Q

what fluid is found in the subarachnoid space and ventricles of the brain

A

cerebrospinal fluid

133
Q

brain is divided into what two matters

A

gray matter - contains unmyelinated interneurons and where the connection between neurons occurs. white matter - contains myelinated neurons and conducts signals between grey matter

134
Q

brain is divided into what three distinct parts?

A

prosencephalon (forebrain), mesecephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

135
Q

prosencephalon divided into

A

broken into the cerebrum and diencephalon

136
Q

cerebrum divided into

A

divided into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

137
Q

surface of the cerebrum is called

A

cerebral cortex and is made up of grey matter

138
Q

sulci

A

grooves

139
Q

gyri

A

bulges

140
Q

cerebral cortex used for

A

higher brain functions like thinking and language

141
Q

basal nuclei

A

help control and regulate movement

142
Q

limbic system

A

plays a role in memory, emotions, and survival

143
Q

diencephalon is formed by

A

the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the pineal gland

144
Q

thalamus

A

to route sensory signals to the correct parts of the cerebral cortex

145
Q

hypothalamus

A

plays a role in regulating hunger, thirst, blood pressure, temp, heart rate, and hormone production

146
Q

pineal gland

A

directly controlled by the hypothalamus and produces the hormone melatonin

147
Q

mesencephalon

A

top most part of the brain stem

148
Q

rhombencephalon

A

consists the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and the pons

149
Q

medulla oblongata

A

processes involuntary body functions

150
Q

pons

A

in charge of transporting signals between the upper and lower parts of the brain

151
Q

arbor vitae

A

transports signals between the cerebellum and the rest of the body

152
Q

fascicles

A

bundles of axons

153
Q

layers of nerves

A

endometrium - inner most (covers one axon), perineurium - covers fascicles, epineurium - out layer of groups of fascicles

154
Q

how many spinal nerves do we have

A

31

155
Q

how many cranial nerves do we have

A

12

156
Q

somatic vs autonomic nervous system

A

somatic we consciously control (skeletal) autonomic cannot be consciously controlled (cardiac and visceral)

157
Q

ANS divided into

A

sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) nervous system

158
Q

pharynx

A

tube that enables the passage of food and air

159
Q

intestinal tract parts in order

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

160
Q

layers of the stomach

A

mucosa - stomach muscle, submucosa - connective tissue, muscularis - movement of stomach, serosa - outermost layer and secretes serous fluid

161
Q

pancreas produces

A

insulin and glucagon

162
Q

prostate gland produces

A

fluid that protect sperm and makes up the majority of semen

163
Q

path of sperm

A

seminiferous tubes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis

164
Q

underdeveloped eggs are also called

A

oocytes

165
Q

corpus luteum

A

mass of follicular tissue that provides nutrients to the egg

166
Q

fertilized eggs are known as

A

zygotes

167
Q

placenta

A

temporary organ that attaches the embryo to the mother

168
Q

placenta forms from what type of cells

A

trophoblasts

169
Q

gestation period of an embryo

A

266 days

170
Q

how many different type of tissue are in the human body? name them

A

four types. epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve

171
Q

of all the structures of the veins and arteries which one has the lowest blood pressure

A

the veins

172
Q

what substance breaks down to for urea?

A

proteins

173
Q

what type of cells secrete antibodies

A

plasma cells which are located in the lymph tissue

174
Q

what decreases the concentration of blood glucose?

A

insulin

175
Q

what increases the levels of blood glucose?

A

glocagon

176
Q

what percentage of a female’s blood is made up of red blood cells? what makes up the rest?

A

RBC make up 40%. 55% is plasma. 1% is WBC.

Hesi (2 decks)

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