Hesi Flashcards
1
Q
how do you divide fractions
A
times the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction
2
Q
0 degrees Celsius equals what in Fahrenheit
A
32 degrees
3
Q
I kilometer equals how many meters
A
1000 meters
4
Q
I meter equals how many centimeters
A
100 centimeters
5
Q
2.54 centimeters equals how many inches
A
1 inch
6
Q
I inch equals how many centimeters
A
2.54 centimeters
7
Q
1 liter equals how many milliliters
A
1000 millimeters
8
Q
1 cubic centimeter equals how many milliliters
A
1 milliliter
9
Q
how many grams are in 1 kilogram
A
1000 grams
10
Q
how many milligrams are in 1 gram
A
1000 milligrams
11
Q
how many pounds are in 1 ton
A
2000 pounds
12
Q
how many ounces are in 1 pounds
A
16 ounces
13
Q
how many pounds are in 1 kilogram
A
2.2 pounds
14
Q
how many quarts are in one gallon
A
4 quarts
15
Q
how many ounces are in 1 gallon
A
128 ounces
16
Q
how many ounces are in 1 quart
A
32 ounces
17
Q
how many cups are in 1 pint
A
2 cups
18
Q
how many ounces are in 1 cup
A
8 ounces
19
Q
how many milliliters are in 1 ounce
A
30 milliliters
20
Q
how many pints are in 1 quart
A
2 pints
21
Q
conjunction
A
a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses. (and, but, or, so , nor, for, and yet)
22
Q
interjection
A
a word or phrase that expresses emotion (YIKES, Whew)
23
Q
clause
A
group of words that has a subject and predicate
24
Q
independent clause
A
expresses a complete thought and can stand alone.
25
dependent clause
begins with a subordinating conjunction. does not express a complete thought and can not stand alone
26
direct object
the person or thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb
27
indirect object
the person or thing that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb. can only have one if there is a direct object. answers the questions to whom, for whom, or for what.
28
predicate
part of the sentence that tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject.
29
declarative sentence
makes a statement
30
interrogative sentence
asks a question
31
imperative sentence
makes a command or request
32
exclamatory sentence
makes an exclamation
33
euphemism
vague term that has been substituted for one that is considered harsh
34
affect vs effect
affect is used as a verb that means to influence or to change. effect may be used as a noun or verb. as a verb it means result or outcome and as a verb it means to bring about or accomplish.
35
farther vs further
farther refers to measurable distance while further refers to a greater extent
36
fewer vs less
fewer refers to things that can be numbered or counted and used with plural nouns, while less refers to the degree or amount and used with singular nouns
37
which vs that
which is used to introduce nonessential clauses. that is used to introduce essential clauses
38
denotative vs connotative
denotative meaning of a word is the literal meaning while connotative meaning includes the emotional reaction
39
how do I find 80% of 65
x/65=80/100 solace for x
40
in roman numerals M equals
1000
41
in Roman numerals D equals
500
42
in Roman numerals C equal
100
43
in Roman numerals L equals
50
44
in Roman numerals x equals
10
45
order of operations?
parentheses, exponents, multiply and divide from left to right, and add and subtract from left to right
46
boiling point of water is
100 degree celsius or 212 degree Fahrenheit
47
freezing point of water is
0 degree. celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit
48
how many yards are in a mile?
1,760 yards
49
what is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen poor blood?
pulmonary artery
50
ligament?
connect bone to bone
51
tendons?
connect muscle to bone
52
epithelial tissue lacks?
blood vessels which means it is avascular
53
transverse plane separates
the body into superior and inferior parts
54
the sagittal plane separates the body into
left and right halves
55
the coronal plane separates the body
into dorsal and ventral sections
56
blood vessels enter and exit bones through
foramina
57
what is the primary pacemaker of the heart
the SA node
58
interstitial fluid is where is the body
in the tissues around the cells
59
what is the bladder capacity of the average adult?
500 ml
60
temporal lobe is involved in
auditory information
61
the parietal lobe processes
taste, touch, and temperature
62
the occipital lobe processes
visual processing
63
what is the relationship between sarcomeres and muscle cells
muscle cells contain myofibrils, which are made of sarcomeres
64
simple reflexes travel through
the spinal cord only and do not reach the brain
65
what function does estrogen serve
emotional expression, problem solving, memory, and language
66
what function does estrogen serve
emotional expression, problem solving, memory, and language
67
roles of cortisol?
reducing inflammation, raising blood sugar, and inhibiting the release of histamine
68
the bade of the skull is also known as
foramen magnum
69
cyclic AMP does what?
acts as a secondary messenger that remains at the cells surface
70
what is responsible for differentiation of cells
hormones
71
what is included in the alimentary canal
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus (digestive tract from mouth to anus)
72
most widely distributed type of sweat gland
eccrine
73
epiphysis vs diaphysis
epiphysis is the ends of the bone. diaphysis is the middle area of the bone
74
axial skeleton
consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate
75
appendicular skeleton consists of
the limbs and girdles.
76
emphysema
alveoli has troubles exchanging gases between the atmosphere and the blood
77
if you have emphysema you will have difficulty with what type of respiration
external
78
functions of the liver
blood detoxification, stores glucose, production of bile
79
bile is made in? stored in?
bile is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
80
the mitral valve in the heart
located between the left atrium and left ventricle
81
the tricuspid valve
found between the right atrium and right ventricle
82
where are neurotransmitters are released where?
myelin sheath at the axon terminal of neuron
83
where are sperm created?
in the testes
84
where are sperm stored and going through the final maturation process
in the epididymis
85
what is the functional unit of the kidney called?
the nephron, which eliminates wastes and regulates electrolytes, blood pressure, blood volume, and blood ph
86
direct function of the kidney
regulate blood volume, regulate ph, and regulate blood pressure
87
how much blood does an average male and average female have?
male: 5-6 liters. female: 4-5 liters
88
the master gland of the body is the
pituitary gland because it influences other glands
89
insulin is produced in the
the beta cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans)
90
insulin facilitates
the absorption of glucose by body cells
91
a dependent clause begins with words such as
although, since, if, when, and because
92
simple predicate
the verb in the sentence (an action word)
93
colon is used
to indicate that more information follows the first part of the sentence
94
the semicolon is used
when the second part is simply related to the first part
95
subordinate clause
cannot stand by themselves because they do not contain a complete thought
96
Epicardium
outermost layer of the heart
97
myocardium
middle layer of the heart that contains the cardiac muscular tissue
98
endocardium
smooth innermost layer that keeps blood from sticking inside the heart
99
arteries
transport the blood away from the heart
100
veins
bring blood from the body back to the heart
101
superior vena cava
ascends from the right atrium and connects to the head and neck
102
inferior vena cava
descends from the right atrium
103
what in blood is vital for clotting
platelets also called thrombocytes
104
systole
cardiac muscles contracting and moving blood
105
diastole
cardiac muscles relaxing and chambers expanding to fill with blood
106
when taking blood pressure the sounds you here in order are
systolic then diastolic
107
heart chamber with the thickest wall
the left ventricle
108
blood from the left ventricle goes to
goes to the body through the aorta and aortic arch
109
blood from the right ventricle goes to
the lungs through the pulmonary artery
110
blood in the right atrium comes from
from the body through the inferior and superior vena cava
111
blood in the left atrium comes from
the lungs through the pulmonary veins
112
how many lobes does each lung have
right lung has 3 and the left lung has 2
113
what muscles contract during inhalation
diaphragm and external intercostals
114
what muscles relax and contract during exhalation
diaphragm and the external intercostals relax and the internal intercostals contract
115
section and number of bones in each section of spine
cervical has seven, thoracic has 12, lumber has 5. sacral and coccyx
116
how many bones do adults have
206
117
sarcolemma
serve as a conductor for electrical and chemical signals telling the muscle to contract
118
two types of skeletal muscle
type 1 contract slowly and type 2 contract quickly
119
bone that remains stationary
origin
120
bone that is actually moving
insertion
121
muscle responsible for action
agonist
122
muscle that does the opposite action than the responsible muscle
antagonist
123
isotonic muscle contractions
produce movement
124
isometric muscle contractions
maintain posture and stillness
125
myofibrils
cause muscle contractions
126
central nervous system is made up of
brain and spinal cord. responsible for processing and storing info
127
peripheral nervous system
gathering info and transporting to cns
128
efferent neurons
(motor neurons) transmit signals from cns to muscles and organs
129
afferent neurons
(sensory neurons) transmit signals from sensory stimuli to the cns
130
glial cells
also called neuroglia are the maintenance cells for neurons
131
meninges is made up of three layers. name them
dear mater- outer part, arachnoid mater- middle, and Pia mater- directly covers the surface of the brain
132
what fluid is found in the subarachnoid space and ventricles of the brain
cerebrospinal fluid
133
brain is divided into what two matters
gray matter - contains unmyelinated interneurons and where the connection between neurons occurs. white matter - contains myelinated neurons and conducts signals between grey matter
134
brain is divided into what three distinct parts?
prosencephalon (forebrain), mesecephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
135
prosencephalon divided into
broken into the cerebrum and diencephalon
136
cerebrum divided into
divided into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
137
surface of the cerebrum is called
cerebral cortex and is made up of grey matter
138
sulci
grooves
139
gyri
bulges
140
cerebral cortex used for
higher brain functions like thinking and language
141
basal nuclei
help control and regulate movement
142
limbic system
plays a role in memory, emotions, and survival
143
diencephalon is formed by
the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the pineal gland
144
thalamus
to route sensory signals to the correct parts of the cerebral cortex
145
hypothalamus
plays a role in regulating hunger, thirst, blood pressure, temp, heart rate, and hormone production
146
pineal gland
directly controlled by the hypothalamus and produces the hormone melatonin
147
mesencephalon
top most part of the brain stem
148
rhombencephalon
consists the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and the pons
149
medulla oblongata
processes involuntary body functions
150
pons
in charge of transporting signals between the upper and lower parts of the brain
151
arbor vitae
transports signals between the cerebellum and the rest of the body
152
fascicles
bundles of axons
153
layers of nerves
endometrium - inner most (covers one axon), perineurium - covers fascicles, epineurium - out layer of groups of fascicles
154
how many spinal nerves do we have
31
155
how many cranial nerves do we have
12
156
somatic vs autonomic nervous system
somatic we consciously control (skeletal) autonomic cannot be consciously controlled (cardiac and visceral)
157
ANS divided into
sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) nervous system
158
pharynx
tube that enables the passage of food and air
159
intestinal tract parts in order
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
160
layers of the stomach
mucosa - stomach muscle, submucosa - connective tissue, muscularis - movement of stomach, serosa - outermost layer and secretes serous fluid
161
pancreas produces
insulin and glucagon
162
prostate gland produces
fluid that protect sperm and makes up the majority of semen
163
path of sperm
seminiferous tubes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis
164
underdeveloped eggs are also called
oocytes
165
corpus luteum
mass of follicular tissue that provides nutrients to the egg
166
fertilized eggs are known as
zygotes
167
placenta
temporary organ that attaches the embryo to the mother
168
placenta forms from what type of cells
trophoblasts
169
gestation period of an embryo
266 days
170
how many different type of tissue are in the human body? name them
four types. epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve
171
of all the structures of the veins and arteries which one has the lowest blood pressure
the veins
172
what substance breaks down to for urea?
proteins
173
what type of cells secrete antibodies
plasma cells which are located in the lymph tissue
174
what decreases the concentration of blood glucose?
insulin
175
what increases the levels of blood glucose?
glocagon
176
what percentage of a female's blood is made up of red blood cells? what makes up the rest?
RBC make up 40%. 55% is plasma. 1% is WBC.
