HESI Flashcards
The nurse understands that which information is correct regarding the prescribed insulin?
Glargine is a rapid-acting insulin typically administered 15 minutes before meals.
Lispro is an intermediate-acting insulin that peaks in 4 to 10 hours.
Glargine does not have a peak interval.
Lispro is typically given at bedtime on an empty stomach.
Glargine does not have a peak interval.
Glargine, a long-acting insulin, has an onset of 1 to 2 hours, has no pronounced peak, and has a duration of 24+ hours.
When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, the glucose spills into the urine, causing __________ .
glycosuria
Which pattern should the nurse report immediately to the HCP?
ST depression and “U” waves.
Sinus tachycardia.
Sinus bradycardia.
Sinus arrhythmia.
ST depression and “U” waves.
After insulin therapy, hypokalemia is expected because the potassium shifts back into the cell. Hypokalemia is a serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L and can be life-threatening. Flat or inverted T waves or increased “U” waves can occur with hypokalemia.
Which laboratory value needs to be reported immediately?
Serum creatinine 1.2 mg/dL (91.5 mcmol/L).
Arterial pH 7.05.
Negative ketones.
Serum osmolality 285 mOsm/kg (285 mmol/kg).
Arterial pH 7.05.
An arterial pH below 7.35 indicates an abnormal blood gas and reflects a shift to an acidotic state. This is an emergency situation
An arterial pH below 7.___ indicates an abnormal blood gas and reflects a shift to an acidotic state. This is an emergency situation
7.35
The nurse understands that which symptom is associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy? (Select all that apply.)
Reduced ability to feel pain or temperature in the extremities.
Frequent UTIs or incontinence.
Muscle weakness and difficulty walking.
Problems with erectile dysfunction.
Extreme sensitivity to touch.
Reduced ability to feel pain or temperature in the extremities.
Muscle weakness and difficulty walking.
Extreme sensitivity to touch.
Use of an unbreakable _________________ to ensure a water temperature below 102° F (38.8° C) will help prevent burns for the client with peripheral neuropathy.
thermometer
It is most important for the client to report which potential adverse or side effect associated with gabapentin?
Restlessness.
Diarrhea with black stool.
Dry mouth.
Flatulence.
Diarrhea with black stool.
Diarrhea with tarry or black stool may be an indication of a gastrointestinal bleed, a potentially life-threatening complication.
Which result of the dipstick urinalysis does the nurse recognize as abnormal? (Select all that apply.)
+1 Ketones.
pH 5.0.
Absence of glucose.
Scant sediment.
Trace leukocytes.
+1 Ketones.
Scant sediment.
Trace leukocytes.
Which antimicrobial medication is a safe alternative for clients with penicillin allergies? (Select all that apply.)
Vancomycin.
Cephalexin.
Clindamycin.
Ticarcillin.
Erythromycin.
Vancomycin.
Clindamycin.
Erythromycin.
Which result can affect drug distribution and influence drug-to-drug interactions?
Elevated BUN.
Low serum albumin levels.
Reduced glomerular filtration rate.
Elevated creatinine levels.
Low serum albumin levels.
Serum albumin levels can affect the binding of drugs. Low levels of albumin can result in toxic effects, especially in the elderly.
The nurse considers which pharmacological age-related principle when administering medications or monitoring the effects of medications in the older client? (Select all that apply.)
Select all that apply
Gastric pH is often decreased in the older client.
Decreased cardiac output increases the risk for adverse drug reactions.
Mucosal edema can increase the absorption of drugs.
Drugs administered intravenously have a faster absorption rate than oral drugs.
Dehydration can prolong the half-life of drugs.
Decreased cardiac output increases the risk for adverse drug reactions.
Drugs administered intravenously have a faster absorption rate than oral drugs.
Dehydration can prolong the half-life of drugs.
Along with clinical manifestations, which common laboratory finding indicates dehydration? (Select all that apply.)
Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit.
Decreased BUN.
Increased serum osmolarity.
Increased urine specific gravity.
Increased serum glucose.
Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit.
Increased serum osmolarity.
Increased urine specific gravity.
Increased serum glucose.
The nurse understands that which physiological age-related change is often responsible for dehydration in the older client?
Taste buds are more sensitive, leading to a decreased desire for liquids.
Thirst decreases, contributing to less fluid intake.
Increased glomerular filtration rate.
Constriction of the esophagus prevents fluid metabolism.
Thirst decreases, contributing to less fluid intake.
Older adults have a higher baseline osmolality and, thus, a higher osmotic operating point for thirst sensation. As the thirst mechanism decreases, older adults are more likely to take in fewer fluids. Urine output rises from osmotic diuresis.
Which objective sign indicates dehydration? (Select all that apply.)
Hematuria.
Increased urine output.
High creatinine levels.
Postural hypotension.
Heart rate greater than 100 bpm.
High creatinine levels.
Postural hypotension.
Heart rate greater than 100 bpm.
