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French > HES Study Guide! > Flashcards

HES Study Guide! Flashcards

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1
Q

Know the difference between a “Standard drink” and actual serving size.

A

Standard drink: contains 0.6oz of alcohol.

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2
Q

Know the caloric content of alcohol.

A

7 calories per gram, alcohol in one drink supplies 100-120 calories.

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3
Q

Know where and how much alcohol is absorbed when ingested.

A

20% is absorbed to stomach, 75% is absorbed in upper small intestine.

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4
Q

Know factors that affect the absorption rate of alcohol. (3)

A

Carbonation/artificial sweeteners increase rate.
Food in the stomach slows absorption.
Drinks of high alcohol concentration slow absorption.

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5
Q

Main site of metabolism for alcohol?

A

LIVER

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6
Q

Know how alcohol affects the brain.

A
  • Changes the ability of brain cells to receive messages and disrupts networks within the brain.
  • With heavy use, loss of brain function, and changes in brain structure.
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7
Q

What is BAC and how does it vary among individuals?

A
  • Blood Alcohol Concentration = ratio of alcohol in a person’s blood by weight.
  • Metabolism varies among individuals: genetic factors and drinking behaviors.
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8
Q

Know the immediate and long-term effects of alcohol.

A
  • Immediate effects: BAC primary factor, lightheadedness, relaxation, release of inhibitions. Lack of motor coordination, verbal performance, coma.
  • Contributes to over 40% of all murders, assaults, and rapes.
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9
Q

What is the legal limit for BAC in all states?

A

Legal limit of BAC 0.08%

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10
Q

What can occur if individuals are heavy drinkers early on in pregnancy?

A
  • It can cause miscarriage. Crosses the placenta and harms the fetus.
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11
Q

Know the difference between alcohol misuse and alcoholism.

A
  • Misuse: is recurrent alcohol use that has negative consequences.
  • Alcoholism: more extensive problems, involving tolerance and withdrawal.
  • Excessive.
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12
Q

Know treatment methods and how to help someone with an alcohol problem.

A
  • Most alcoholics require a treatment program to stop drinking. No one program works for everyone.
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13
Q

What is Tobacco?

A

The leaves of cultivated tobacco plants are prepared for smoking, chewing, or use as snuff.

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14
Q

What are the primary reasons individuals use Tobacco?

A

Nicotine addiction! It’s a psychoactive drug.

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15
Q

Why do young people start smoking?

A

Because their peers are already doing it.

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16
Q

Know the health hazards regarding Tobacco smoke. (2)

A
  • Carcinogens and poisons: 69 chemicals in a burned cigarette are linked to cancer, directly cause cancer
  • Cocarcinogens: chemicals that combine with other chemicals to cause cancer.
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17
Q

With regards to disease, what are the long-term effects of smoking?

A

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): arteries hardening.
Atherosclerosis: deposit of fatty substances called plaques in arterial walls.
Angina Pectoris: Chest pain due to coronary heart disease.

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18
Q

What can be done to combat smoking?

A
  • Action at many levels: state anti tobacco and anti-vaping laws
  • FDA regulation of tobacco
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19
Q

Know how a Tobacco user can quit.

A

Benefits are immediate, smoking cessation products.

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

What is addiction and addictive behaviors?

A
  • They alter person’s experiences of consciousness.
  • Behaviors: ae habits that are out of control with resulting negative effects on health.
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22
Q

What is substance misuse?

A

Is a use of substance that is not consistent with medical or legal guidelines.

23
Q

Know APA’s DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders.

A
  • 2-3 – mild disorder
  • 4-5 – moderate disorder
  • 6-or more – severe disorder
24
Q

How does addiction develop?

A

Many factors like: personality, lifestyle, heredity, the social or physical environment, and nature of the substance.

25
Q

Besides drug use, what are some other examples of addictive behaviors?

A
  • Gambling
  • Gaming
  • Exercise
  • Sex
  • Work
  • Shopping
  • internet
26
Q

Know the allure of drugs.

A
  • Young people are drawn to the exciting and illegal allure.
  • Most people who experiment with drugs do not continue.
27
Q

Know how drugs affect the body.

A

Brain chemistry, pharmacological properties, dose-response function, time action function.

28
Q

Know how to treat drug addiction.

A

Medication, treatment centers, counseling,

29
Q

What is cancer?

A

Is an abnormal and uncontrollable multiplication of cells or tissue that can lead to death if untreated.

30
Q

Know the different types of tumors.

A

Tumor: a mass of tissue that serves no purpose
Benign: a mass of cells enclosed in a membrane that prevents their penetration into other tissues.
Malignant: can invade surrounding tissues.

31
Q

What is metastasis?

A

Is a spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another.

32
Q

What is cancer remission?

A

Signs and symptoms of cancer disappear, the disease is under control, and can last years.

33
Q

Who are more likely to die from cancer?

A

Men are more likely to die. 1 in 2 men, and 1 in 3 women.

34
Q

Know the role of DNA with regards to cancer.

A

Certain genes may predispose some people to cancer.

35
Q

Know the risk factors and five-year survival rate associated with the different types of cancer covered in lecture.

A

Lung cancer: 16%
Colon + rectal cancer: 90% with detection (overall 65%)
Breast cancer: 89% all stages
Prostate cancer: 100%
Uterine or endometrial,: 95%
Ovarian cancer: 46%
Testicular: 95%

36
Q

What is environmental health and some examples that may impact it?

A

Collective interactions of humans with their environments and the health consequences of these interactions.
- Environmental pollutants, tech advances, population growth.

37
Q

What is renewable energy?

A

Are naturally replenished and essentially inexhaustible.

38
Q

Air Quality Index

A

Air Quality Index: indicates whether air pollution poses a health concern.

39
Q

What is the Greenhouse effect?

A

Reradiation causing a buildup of heat that raises the temp of the lower atmosphere.

40
Q

How does the ozone layer protect humanity?

A

Shields us from dangerous UV rays.

41
Q

Know how to prevent air pollution.

A

Cut back on driving and keep your car tuned up, use energy-efficient appliances, think green!

42
Q

Know how to protect the water supply.

A

Take showers, not baths, install faucet aerators and water-efficient showerheads, install water-saving toilets, fix leaky faucets.

43
Q

Know how much and what kind of solid wastes are in our garbage.

A

Paper products: 27%
Food waste: 14%
Yard trimmings: 13.5
Plastics: 12.8

44
Q

What is the use of pesticides?

A

Used to prevent insect-borne disease and maximize food production.

45
Q

When should an individual seek out a physician? (4)

A

When symptoms are severe, unusual, persistent, or recurrent

46
Q

What are some non-drug options for self-treatment?

A

Rest, increased, exercise; changes in diet, stress management.

47
Q

Know the guidelines to medicate safely.

A
  • Do not exceed the recommended dosage or treatment length.
  • Read labels.
  • Use caution of taking medications.
  • Check the expiration date
  • try to buy generic drugs.
48
Q

What is complementary and alternative medicine?

A

CAM: on the integration of mind, body, and spirit in seeking ways to restore harmony and health. (Holistic health care)

49
Q

What are some natural products used for medication?

A
  • Biologically based therapies: herbal, botanicals, animal tissue extracts.
  • Dietary Supplements.
50
Q

What are some manual healing techniques?

A

Chiropractic: manipulation of joints, exercise, lifestyle modification, nutrition, and orthotics. Exercise: exercise is medicine.

51
Q

What are the premises an assumptions of standard Western medicine?

A

Based on the scientific method. The disease is caused by identifiable physical factors. Every disease is defined by signs and symptoms.

52
Q

What is the placebo effect?

A

The patient improved after receiving a placebo.
The Treatment effect: difference in outcome between placebo and the experimental treatment.

53
Q

Know the typical providers of conventional medicine.

A

Medical doctors (MD)
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
Dentist
Podiatrists
Nurse (RNs)
PA

54
Q

Know the difference between MD, DO, and PhD.

A

MD: practices allopathic medicine.
DO: practices osteopathic medicine.
PhD: likely does not practice medicine

French (2 decks)

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