HES Study Guide! Flashcards
Know the difference between a “Standard drink” and actual serving size.
Standard drink: contains 0.6oz of alcohol.
Know the caloric content of alcohol.
7 calories per gram, alcohol in one drink supplies 100-120 calories.
Know where and how much alcohol is absorbed when ingested.
20% is absorbed to stomach, 75% is absorbed in upper small intestine.
Know factors that affect the absorption rate of alcohol. (3)
Carbonation/artificial sweeteners increase rate.
Food in the stomach slows absorption.
Drinks of high alcohol concentration slow absorption.
Main site of metabolism for alcohol?
LIVER
Know how alcohol affects the brain.
- Changes the ability of brain cells to receive messages and disrupts networks within the brain.
- With heavy use, loss of brain function, and changes in brain structure.
What is BAC and how does it vary among individuals?
- Blood Alcohol Concentration = ratio of alcohol in a person’s blood by weight.
- Metabolism varies among individuals: genetic factors and drinking behaviors.
Know the immediate and long-term effects of alcohol.
- Immediate effects: BAC primary factor, lightheadedness, relaxation, release of inhibitions. Lack of motor coordination, verbal performance, coma.
- Contributes to over 40% of all murders, assaults, and rapes.
What is the legal limit for BAC in all states?
Legal limit of BAC 0.08%
What can occur if individuals are heavy drinkers early on in pregnancy?
- It can cause miscarriage. Crosses the placenta and harms the fetus.
Know the difference between alcohol misuse and alcoholism.
- Misuse: is recurrent alcohol use that has negative consequences.
- Alcoholism: more extensive problems, involving tolerance and withdrawal.
- Excessive.
Know treatment methods and how to help someone with an alcohol problem.
- Most alcoholics require a treatment program to stop drinking. No one program works for everyone.
What is Tobacco?
The leaves of cultivated tobacco plants are prepared for smoking, chewing, or use as snuff.
What are the primary reasons individuals use Tobacco?
Nicotine addiction! It’s a psychoactive drug.
Why do young people start smoking?
Because their peers are already doing it.
Know the health hazards regarding Tobacco smoke. (2)
- Carcinogens and poisons: 69 chemicals in a burned cigarette are linked to cancer, directly cause cancer
- Cocarcinogens: chemicals that combine with other chemicals to cause cancer.
With regards to disease, what are the long-term effects of smoking?
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): arteries hardening.
Atherosclerosis: deposit of fatty substances called plaques in arterial walls.
Angina Pectoris: Chest pain due to coronary heart disease.
What can be done to combat smoking?
- Action at many levels: state anti tobacco and anti-vaping laws
- FDA regulation of tobacco
Know how a Tobacco user can quit.
Benefits are immediate, smoking cessation products.
What is addiction and addictive behaviors?
- They alter person’s experiences of consciousness.
- Behaviors: ae habits that are out of control with resulting negative effects on health.
What is substance misuse?
Is a use of substance that is not consistent with medical or legal guidelines.
Know APA’s DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders.
- 2-3 – mild disorder
- 4-5 – moderate disorder
- 6-or more – severe disorder
How does addiction develop?
Many factors like: personality, lifestyle, heredity, the social or physical environment, and nature of the substance.
