Herpesviridae Flashcards
Hallmarks of herpesviridae
- core containing dsDNA (always causes nuclear inclusions)
- Icosahedral capsid
- tegument
- enveloped !
- host specific, but we do have rare zoonosis
- latency for life and recrudesce under stress
Bovine Herpesvirus 1
-conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, “cancer eye”
-abortion occurs due to respiratory infection
-calf: systemic infection can cause death
-mastitis
-vaccines
1)infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
-puss in respiratory tract
vaccine
2)Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV)
3)Balanoposthitis (IPB)
shipping fever
- multifactorial disease involving many viruses and bacteria
- -> infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR )
Bovine Herpesvirus 2
- ulceration on the skin of teats and udder
- related to human herpes
- central depression on surface of the skin nodules and superficial necrosis of the epidermis
- transmission: direct contact, milk, insect vector
1) bovine mammillitis
2) pseudo-lumpy skin disease
Pseudorabies virus
- transmission: nasal, oral epithelium with early replication in resp. tract
- death in young piglets
- pigs older then 2 weeks should clinical sings but might survive
- CNS and respiratory signs
- only found in wild bores because we came up with an awesome gene deleted vaccine
- pigs are main reservoir, excretion for up to 17d
- cattle, dogs, and cats develop mad itch (neurological) when infected by pig. no viral excretions at site of mutilation. virus isolate in the brain
3) Aujeszky’s disease
Equine herpesvirus 1
- abortion and neurological disease
- worldwide
- viral replication in URT causes respiratory signs
- leukocyte associated spread, can be isolated from the liver
- fetus has generalized infection
- neurological: due to disease infecting nerve tissues incoordination, quadriplegia
- all cases should be isolated for 28 days and avoid contact with pregnant mare for 2m
- vaccine available, prevents abortion but not disease
Equine herpesvirus 4
-rhinopneumonitis
-worldwide
-all cases should be isolated for 28 days and avoid contact with pregnant mare for 2m
avoid contact with pregnant mare for 2m
-vaccine available, prevents abortion but not disease
Equine herpesvirus 3
- coital exanthema
- worldwide, often subclinical
- clinical signs: vesicles on the skin of the vulva or penis that heal in about 2 weeks
- secondary bacterial infection common and may scar
- venereal transmission
- just local superficial infection that can be treated with topical antibiotics and sexual rest
- no vaccine, horses w/o lesions are not infectious
Canine herpesvirus 1
- hemorrhagic disease of puppies
- VERY contagious with kennels having almost 100% infection rates, but puppies can be born healthy due to maternal immunity
- unstable in environment and transmitted by bodily fluids
- puppies between 1-3 weeks are at most risk
- most puppies that get it in week 1 die within a few days
- signs: painful, anorexia, respiratory, depression, hemorrhage, CNS
- asymptomatic in adults, they’re just carriers (mostly respiratory)
- hard to isolate after 2-3 weeks of initial infection
- focal necrosis and hemorrhage in multiple organs during necropsy
- just give supportive care, if puppy survive may have bad sequelae from hurt systems
- vaccine not available in the USA
- antiserum from bitch that lost litter to it before they become infected
feline herpesvirus 1
- feline viral rhinotracheitis
- transmission: direct contact with infected cat, aerosolization, fomites
- chronic abortion in queens, fading kitten, URI
- mostly rhinitis, pharyngitis, corneal ulcers
- suspect : bordetella, chlamydophilia, mycoplasma
- NO STEROIDS !!!!!!!
- for chronic infections: nasal flushes, ab therapy, lysine, steroids are really risky, turbinectomy and frontal sinus ablation as last resort
- vaccines available to lessen severity
avian herpesvirus 1
- infectious laryngotracheitis
- worldwide
- all ages, more common in 4-18m olds
- clinical signs: mild cough, sneeze with nasal and ocular discharge, dyspnea, depression. “Pump handle respiration” with raised neck and head extended during inspiration. low egg production
- morbidity is near 100%, mortality is about 50-70% for virulent strains and 20% for low virulent strains
- aerosol transmission
avian herpesvirus 2
-marek’s disease virus
>acute: significant mortality, “fowl paralysis”
>ocular lymphomatosis: rare- grey iris and blindness
>cutaneous: “redleg syndrome”
-before vaccine, it was the most common lymphoproliferative disease of chickens
-clinical signs: lymphoma with visceral organs and nervous system;asymmetric paralysis of one or both legs/wings
-80% mortality in young birds without vaccination
-vaccination in ovo at 18dys is standard, does not help neurological signs
betaherpesvirus that causes disease in animal : porcine herpesvirus 2
- causes porcine cytomegalovirus virus : 90% of herds may carry it, clinical signs (only noticeable with new infections and poor nutrition ) include rhinitis when less then 2 weeks old
- piggies loose weight and survivors are stunted
- transmission is both horizontal and transplacental
- diagnosis by inclusion body rhinitis
gammaherpesviruses that cause disease in animals : alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 and ovine herpesvirus 2
–both cause bovine malignant catarrhal fever
-wildebeest and sheep are asymptomatic but still shed, susceptible species are cattle, bison, and deer
-both are in the USA, mostly associated with sheep
-diagnosis indicators: “snotsiekte”, bilateral corneal opacity, 100% mortality but morbidity is low in herd
-clinical signs
>acute: URS, GI, keratoconjuctivitis
>peracute: fever, death within 3 days, acute gastroenteritis
>head and eye: fever, rapid pulse, nasal discharge, CNS, death in 3-4 days
-no treatment
