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Stage 3 Human Diseases > Herpes > Flashcards

Herpes Flashcards

1
Q

Most common route of transmission

A

Saliva, fluids

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2
Q

What is their family

A

Herpesviridae

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3
Q

Basic structure

A

Enveloped, double stranded 150KB- QUITE SMALL

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4
Q

Method of infection

A

Lytic infection with a latent phase

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5
Q

HSV Primary infection

A

Infects epithelial cells, causing shedding and infecting nerves

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6
Q

HSV Reccurent infection

A

Virus was stored is spinal ganglion, travels down sensory neuron and causes shedding

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7
Q

What growth state is the virus in when symptoms are visible?

A

Active- multiplying in mucosal tissue

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8
Q

Virus responsible for primary oral herpes

A

HSV1 and HSV2

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9
Q

Symptoms of primary oral herpes

A

Usually Asymptomatic in children

Can lead to severe gingivostomatitis in children and hospitalisation due to pain and nil by mouth

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10
Q

Virus responsible or oral reactivation

A

Most commonly HSV1

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11
Q

Symptoms of oral reactivation

A

Usually asymptomatic

Can cause cold sores on the vermilion of lip, rarely intraoral

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12
Q

Reasons and characteristics for reactivation

A

Mostly random with non specific triggers
usually indicated with tingling and itching before active vesicles
lasts 5-10 days

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13
Q

Virus responsible for primary genital herpes

A

HSV1 or HSV2

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14
Q

Virus responsible for genital reactivation

A

HSV2

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15
Q

Minor complications of HSV

A

Secondary bacterial infections (strep/staph)
Corneal Ulcers- scarring and loss of vision
Self limiting Meningitis

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16
Q

What is Mollaret’s Meningitis

A

Recurring, asymptomatic meningits

17
Q

Major complications of HSV

A

Herpes simplex encephalitis- usually HSV1
Neonatal Herpes Simplex
Opportunistic infection in immunocompromised.

18
Q

What is Herpes simplex encephalitis?

A

very rare, general and focal signs of cerebral dysfunction.
Temporal lobe oedema
Prescribe aciclovir

19
Q

what is herpetic whitlow

A

caused in finger and thump sucking, heretic lesion and digits through contact
OF OCCUPATIONAL RELEVANCE

20
Q

Neonatal herpes

A

More probable if mother acquires primary herpes during pregnancy
If recurrent, low risk due to immunity

21
Q

Diagnosis of HSV

A

Direct Viral Detection via PCR

22
Q

Treatment of HSV

A

Aciclovir- oral but low bioabalibility for 5xday dose

Valaciclovir- Prodrug but expensive

23
Q

Risks of Herpes Simplex encephalitis and treatment

A

Must be treated with intravenous Aciclovir for min 10 days. High risk of relapse so repeated lumbar puncture recommended

24
Q

life cycle of Varicella Zoster

A

Replication in lymph nodes–> Primary viraemian–>Replication in liver/spleen–>secondary viraemia–> dissemination to skin

25
Q

How is Varicella Zoster spread?

A

Spread via secretions and fluid from vesicles. Infection via respiratory mucosa

26
Q

Progression of Varicella Zoster to Shingles

A

Latency period in the Dorsal ganglion of spine–> presentation in dermatomal pattern.

27
Q

Characteristics of VZV primary infection

A

CHICKEN POX
prodrome of fever leading to centripetal distribution of lesions.
ORALLY, can present before rest of body

28
Q

Progression of Chicken pox lesions

A

Macules (alteration of skin colour)
Papule (Solid elevated lesion)
Vesicle (elevation containing clear fluid, BLISTERS)
Pustule (Elevation containing purulent exduate)
ALL AT THE SAME TIME!

29
Q

How contagious is Chicken pox?

A

Attack rate in household 90% with significant contact of 15 min in same room
Incubation period avg 14 days but infectious 2 DAYS PRIOR TO RASH

30
Q

Opthalmic Zoster

A

Nasocillary branch of trigeminal nerve

Can effect both side

31
Q

Post Exposure Prophlaxis of VZV

A

Retained for pregnant women and Immunocompromised IF significant contact occurs.
7 day delay before aciclovir treatment

32
Q

Varicella and Shingle vaccine

A

Both live attenuated so DON’T give to immunosuppresed
Varicella in USA, boosts IgG VZV
Shingles for all over 70s

33
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

relatively benign with a seroprevalence of 40%
Spread through direct secretion contact.
Primary CAN cause gladular fever

34
Q

Concerns of CMV

A

Although generally benign, severe diseases in the compromised
Congenital infection risk at any stage, especially primary infection–>Hearing loss

35
Q

Characteristics of Epstein-Barr Virus

A

characteristic of mononucleosis infection- general icky feeling
Young children- at most sore throat
Adolescents- glandular fever
WARNING- ONCOGENIC

36
Q

Developments of EBV

A

latent in lympocytes
transmission via saliva and sex
ORAL HAIRY LEUKPLAKIA IN IMMUNOSUPPRESED

37
Q

Roseola Infantum?

A

A rash presentation
Herpes 6 and 7
6 is a particular issue in transplant patients as it can cause rejection

38
Q

What is Human Herpes Virus 8 associated with

A

Karposi’s sarcoma

Highly associated with HIV and myeloproliferative cancers

Stage 3 Human Diseases (2 decks)

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