herp quiz 1 Flashcards
rank the taxonomic categories
kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species
name the orders in class amphibia
- caudata (salamanders) ~800
- Gymnophiona (caecilians) ~200
- anura (frogs & toads) ~7600
name the orders in the class reptilia
- rhynchocephalian (tuatara) - 1 species
- testudines ~360 species
- crocidilia - 27 species
- squamata
- serpentes (snakes) ~4000
- sauria (lizards) ~7300
- amphisbaenia (worm lizards) ~200 species
What is the difference between the name being in parenthese vs no parenthese? ex. (Linnaeus, 1776)
no parentheses = theres only one scientific name, the one he originally gave it
parentheses = scientific name has been changed due to it being placed in the wrong taxonomic group
define oviparous
laying eggs in freshwater or land
define viviparous
mother develops young in her body
(t/f) do all reptiles practice internal fertilization?
yes
who is the herpetologist F.M.D?
francois marie daudin
- published natural history of tree frogs, frogs, and toads
- published natural history of reptiles
- his wife drew the book illustrations
- Adelaide died of tb at 29 and francois died of tb at 27
- he discovered many species (pinesnake)
who is the herpetologist J.E.H?
john Edwards Holbrook
- he was a north American herpetologist
- published 1st book on north American herp
- he found new species
- lesser earless lizard -> genus holbrookia (named in honor of him)
describe a frogs life
they need a body of water to lay their eggs, egg hatches in aquatic larval stage (tadpoles - herbivours), they complete metamorphosis, losing tail and gils (develop lungs), once adult stage is reached they are carnivorous!
define monohpyletic group
all descendants from one common ancestor
define amniotic egg
carries watery environment which has an advantage to wander around
(t/f) amphibians and reptiles are ectotherms
true
define ectothermy
gaining/losing heat through the environment
whats the difference between primitive and derived?
primitive are traits inherited from an ancestor while derived is traits that have evolved within the group of related organisms (not present in the ancestor)
herpetologist measure length in what two ways?
snout-vent length and total length
what is so special about amphibian skin?
their skin allows them to live in wet & dry environment
define stratum corneum
outer layer of skin that protect animals from drying out
define chromatophere
color cells which are flexible
(t/f) amphibians can be toxic
true
effector cells = ?
pigments
xanthopores = ?
yellow
erythropores = ?
red
melanophores = ?
black/brown
iridiphores = ?
silvery
amphibian eggs are ?
jelly like structure that surrounds egg and protects it
amphibians have a _ chamber heart.
3
what is the least well known vertebrate?
caecilians
caecilians eyes are?
typically covered but some have protrusible eyes
caecilian are found in?
tropical rainforest
define stegokrotraphy
have a solid skull (primitive)
define zygokrotaphy
skull contains holes
are caecilians oviparous or viviparous?
both
define dermophagy
skin eating
define oophagy
egg eating
define annuli
rings that correspond to vertebrates
what muscles do caecilians contain?
depressor/adductor mandibular and interhyoid
how many families do caecilians have?
10
there is no caecilians where?
in north america
all caudata are __ in both larvae and adults
carnivorous
define spermatophores
allows for internal fertilization (cap filled with spermatozoa and gelatinous base)
define vernal ponds
no competition present so salamander lay their eggs there
what metamohprosis occurs in salamnders
loss/reduction of lateral line, development of eyelids, loss of gills, reduction in tail fin, change in skin structure (statum corneum forms)
define lateral line
pressure receptor (hair cells) – sense water pressure
define pedomorphic and give examples
maintains some larval characteristic as mature adult
sirendae- lack hind limbs
amphiumidae - reduced limbs
proteidae - gills
how many families do salamanders have?
9
define plethodontidae
lungless salamander – they breathe through their skin
define direct development
not involvoing metamorphosis
frogs are everywhere except?
antartica
frogs are _____ as adults but most are _____ at larval stage
frogs have how many families?
54
how long do frogs live?
2-3 years
