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PI 10 > Heroism Research > Flashcards

Heroism Research Flashcards

1
Q

The mythic views examined by _____ resonated with the general public

A

Joseph Campbell

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2
Q

The mythic views of heroism influenced humanity and existential psychology during the peak of _____

A

Third Force movement in Psychology

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3
Q

suggested that small acts of everyday heroism also deserved attention and study

A

Frank Farley

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4
Q

touched again on heroism as a key exploration in invited addresses

A

Sara Bridges

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5
Q

APA SHP

A

APA Society for Humanistic Psychology

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6
Q

well known stories of heroes in the Western civilization

A

Homer’s Iliad and Virgil’s Aeneid

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7
Q

Greek hero, ______, demonstrates the ways in which the
exemplary battlefield legend presents a challenge to his commanders while
also highlighting the pathos of a young man who understood his own mortal-
ity and could personally identify with his enemies

A

Achilles

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8
Q

theme of modern European philosophers

A

Ancient Heroism

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9
Q

concluded “that heroism is not only socially useful but also admirable in itself,
even if destructive”

A

David Hume (2007)

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10
Q

argued that
the virtue associated with the hero is “strength of soul”

A

Jean-Jacquess Rousseau

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11
Q

virtue associated with the hero

A

strength of soul

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12
Q

recognized the power of stories about heroism for making good citizens,
arguing that emulation of great examples from the past engenders

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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13
Q

recognized that heroism and morality are not necessarily bound up with one another

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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14
Q

the phrase hero worship first appeared in ______’s classic (1841) volume

A

Thomas Carlyle

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15
Q

proposed that all human history is a product of great individuals who were gifted with supreme vision and action.

A

hero worship

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16
Q

argued, made it one’s duty to worship heroes and that
“worship of a hero is transcendent admiration of a Great Man”

A

Thomas Carlyle

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17
Q

argued that great men are endowed with charisma

A

Max Weber

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18
Q

“a
certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he is set apart
from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman,
or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities”

A

Charisma (def by Max Weber)

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19
Q

observed primal horde leaders

A

Sigmund Freud

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20
Q

become deified in death

A

prime horde leaders

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21
Q

leaders who _____ are viewed as especially charismatic

A

invoke religious feelings and ideation

22
Q

provoked discussion and empirical research
that aims to unveil the contemporary meaning of the term hero

A

academic dialogue

23
Q

In this book, the author, flipped his seminal ideas about the
human capacity for evil, to exploring the human possibilities for heroism

A

The Lucifer Effect

24
Q

Author of The Lucifer Effect

A

Philip Zimbado

25
Q

we care about heroic stories because

A

they serve as powerful reminders that
people are capable of resisting evil

26
Q

heroism represents____

A

what is right in human nature

27
Q

Franco and Zimbardo (2006) introduced two helpful ideas

A
  1. acts of everyday heroism can be carried out by all and are
    not reserved to an elite minority
  2. it is possible to nurture a
    mind-set to help others in need
28
Q

reinforced the idea that heroism occupies a central place in human experiencr

A

Philip Zimbardo

29
Q

Heroism necessarily overlaps with these topics

A

altruism, pro-social behavior, risk taking behavior

30
Q

defined heroes as individuals
who choose to take physical risks on behalf of one or more people, despite the
possibility of suffering serious consequences, including death

A

Becker and Eagly

31
Q

Physical-risk heroism has been further
divided into

A

Martial, Civil Heroism

32
Q

actioned by military personnel

A

Martial Heroism

33
Q

involves heroic action in the service of ideals, and as a
consequence the hero may experience lowered social status, lost credibility,
financial instability, social ostracization, arrest, torture, risks to family mem-
bers, and, on occasion, death

A

Social Heroism

34
Q

generalized the term heroism into “people who faced the fact of
their mortality, who took serious risks and/or overcame major hardship, and
who did so in the service of a principle”

A

Kohen

35
Q

Executive Order No. 75

A

Creating the National Heroes Committee Under the Office of the President

36
Q

Executive Order No. 75 was signed by

A

Former Pres. Fidel V. Ramos

37
Q

offered an a priori taxonomy of heroic subtypes and exemplars

A

Philip Zimbado

38
Q

3 overall categories of heroes

A

fictional heroes,
family members as heroes, and nonfictional heroes who were also not family members

39
Q

Types of Influence

A

weak–strong, short-term or long-term, widespread–limited, waxing–
waning, hidden–exposed, or constructed–authentic

40
Q

8 trait clusters of a hero

A

smart, strong, caring, selfless, charismatic, resilient, reliable, and inspiring

41
Q

generic situations that might be regarded as heroic

A

duty-bound, non-duty bound, physical risk, social risk

42
Q

viewed as most purely heroic

A

non-duty-bound physical risk

43
Q

4 social risk hero types

A

politico-religious leaders, good Samaritans,
bureaucracy heroes, and whistle-blower

44
Q

most central features of heroism

A

bravery, moral integrity, conviction, courageous, self-sacrifice, protecting, honesty, selfless, determined, saves others,
inspiring, and helpful

45
Q

less common central features

A

proactive, humble, strong, risk-taker, fearless, caring, powerful, compassionate, leadership skills, exceptional, intelligent, talented, and personable.

46
Q

heroes view their actions as

A

“take the next right action”

47
Q

__% associated with physical risk

A

46

48
Q

__% associated with unjustified risk

A

9

49
Q

heroes serve as a ___ to others

A

shield

50
Q

reasons that physical-risk heroes intervene

A

diff in altruism, need to self actualize,less concerned with social implications of their actions

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