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Classics > Herodotus Book 8 > Flashcards

Herodotus Book 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What place were the Greeks having a council of war at?

A

Salamis

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2
Q

What was the meeting about?

A

What area they should have a naval battle on

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3
Q

Why did many want to go to the Isthmus instead of Salamis?

A

They thought that they would be beseiged on Salamis where no help would come to them.

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4
Q

What did the persians do to attica?

A

Burn it

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5
Q

Who was defending the Temple in Athens?

A

Poor men and stewards.

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6
Q

How did the athenians defend themselves?

A

They rolled boulders down to the persians

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7
Q

How did the persians overcome this athenian defence?

A

They found an entrance through the back where it was unguarded

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8
Q

What did the persians do to the acropolis?

A

Plundered the temple and set fire to the acropolis

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9
Q

Who did xerxes send a messenger to after the win at athens?

A

Artabanus

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10
Q

What did xerxes make the Athenian exiles do and why?

A

Go up onto the acropolis and make sacrifices according to their own customs.
Either because he felt guilty or had a dream

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11
Q

What happened when the athenians made these sacrifices?

A

They saw an olive tree that had been burnt down shoot up again

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12
Q

Once the Greeks had learnt what had happened to Athens, what did they want to do?

A

Go to Isthmus

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13
Q

Themistocles reported to Mnesiphilos what the Greeks wanted to do. Why didnt Mnesiphilos think this was a good idea?

A

Because if they left Salamis the Greeks would go their separate ways to their own cities

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14
Q

To whom did T go to report the advice of M?

A

Eurybiades

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15
Q

What did T say to E about why leaving Salamis was a bad idea?

A

Because they would be fighting on open water which would disadvantage the Greeks as their ships are fewer in number

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16
Q

What advantages does T list about staying to fight at Salamis?

A

They could fight in narrow straits, which would benefit the Greeks and they wouldnt lose Salamis, Megara and Aegina a

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17
Q

How did the Corinthian man attack T?

A

He said that he had no right to talk when he doesnt have a state of his own, as Athens was burnt down

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18
Q

How did T respond to the attack of the Corinthian man?

A

He said that Athens had a greater city than his anyways ad they had 200 ships

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19
Q

Where does T tell E the Athenians will sail to if they dont chamge the plan?

A

Italy

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20
Q

Why does E change his mind?

A

Because he’s worried of losing the help of the Athenians and their ships.

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21
Q

Who does Xerxes send to see what his people think of starting a naval battle?

A

Mardonius

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22
Q

Who opposes the idea of starting a naval battle?

A

Artemisia

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23
Q

Why does Artemisia oppose the idea of starting a naval battle?

A

Because the Greeks are better than the persians at sea

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24
Q

Why does Artemisia think a land battle will secure a Persian win?

A

Because the greeks wont be able to hold out for long and will flee. Also no food supplies on the island

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25
Q

What does artemisia say will happen to the Persian land army if they engage in a sea battle straight away?

A

They will lose their morale

26
Q

What three things did the Greek army do to stop the Persians invading land?

A
  1. set up a camp at the isthmus
  2. Built a wall
  3. Piled up stones and bricks etc
27
Q

Why did the Greeks do these things at the Isthmus?

A

Because they thought the naval battle would fail

28
Q

Who does T send to the Persian fleet to tell them to attack now?

A

Sicinnus ( servant to T and slave to his children]

29
Q

What does Sicinnus say to Persians?

A

That the Greeks are planning to flee so now is the time to attack.
They dont agree with each other and no longer intend to oppose the Persians.

30
Q

What island do many Persians land on?

A

Psyttalea

31
Q

Who is Aristides ?

A

A really good athenian man, exiled by his people and enemy of T

32
Q

What does Aristides tell the rest of the Greeks?

A

That they are being surrounded by the persians

33
Q

The Greeks dont belive Aristides until what?

A

Until a trireme of Tenians report the same thing

34
Q

What are the 3 ways the battle of salamis is said to have begun?

A
  1. An athenian man went out and rammed a ship.
  2. The ship which brought the Son of Aeacus from Aegina bagan the battle.
  3. A ghost woman appeared and called out commands.
35
Q

What does Artemisia do in the battle to make her more favourable to Xerxes?

A

She sinks a Persian ship but xerxes thinks that its a greek ship.

36
Q

Who does in the battle for the persians?

A

Xerxes’ brother

37
Q

Why do the phoenicians get beheaded?

A

They try to snitch out the Ionians for treason but the. xerxes sees them doing well in battle so it’s the Phoenicians who get punished

38
Q

What was the prize for a Greek capturing Artemisia and why did they want to do this?

A

A prize of 10 thousand drachmae and because they thought it dreadful for a woman to come to attck Athens

39
Q

What did the Athenians claim that the Corinthians did?

A

Fled

40
Q

What did Aristides do that was notable in the battle?

A

Took greeks to Psyttalea and slaughtered every Persian on that island

41
Q

What did Xerxes plan to do after he saw the disaster of the battle?

A

He planned to flee in case he got cut off in europe but he made preparations for war (like constructing a mole across to Salamis) to convince the Greeks that he intended on staying and fighting again.

42
Q

What does Mardonius propose to Xerxes after the disaster at sea?

A

That he should take an army to the Peloponnese because the battle isnt lost yet

43
Q

Xerxes asks for Artemisias advice? What does she suggest?

A

She thinks Mardonius should try to win Greece with a land army because if he wins, itll be Xerxes’ achievement and if he doesnt, its fine because Xerxes and his household still survive meaning the Greeks will often have to fight many battles in their existence.

44
Q

What are the two opinions of what the Greeks should do when they see the persianships are going?

A

T- destroy hellespont to trap him in europe

E- let him sail back to Asia because the war would them be carried out in his territory

45
Q

What does T tell the Athenians after realising that he could not persuade the majority to sail to the hellespont?

A

That they would wait until spring to sail to the Hellespont because he wanted to have claim on the king’s gratitude.

46
Q

What does T send Sicinnus to the Persians for the second time?

A

To saythat T wishes to help Xerxes and has persuaded them not to pursue his ships or destroy the Hellespont

47
Q

Whats the first story or how Xerxes lost his men on the way hpme?

A

The hellespont was broken by a storm so they stopped to eat but they ate without restraint and changed the water they were drinking so many died

48
Q

Whats the second way Xerxes is said to have lost his men on the way home?

A

The boat was too heavy and that did not fair well in the bad weather so they had to get rid of some of the men, proud that tney were doing it in the name of xerxes

49
Q

Who does Alexander address an alliance to?

A

The athenians

50
Q

Who was alexander sent by?

A

Mardonius to tell them what xerxes has said

51
Q

What does Xerxes say to persuade the athenians to make an alliance?

A

Tells them that thet will have their land returned to them + more and they can rebuild their temples and be free men.

52
Q

What threats are made to the Athenians in this speech by Alexander?

A

They wont be able to overthrow him or resist him forever.
The persian have so many more people on their army so they know what they are capable of.
The power of the king is very strong.

53
Q

Why did the spartans send messengers to Athens after they learnt that Alexander was coming?

A

To try and stop them from making an agreement withthe persians because they had remembered an oracle which had said that the persians (medes) amd the athenians would drive them out of the Peloponnese.

54
Q

Why did the athenians delay Alexander?

A

Because they knew that the Spartams would come as quickly as possible with messengers once they knew this and so wanted the Spartans to hear their intentions.

55
Q

What 2 points do the spartans give to tell the athenians that they shouldnt make an alliance withxerxes?

A
  1. They started this war and dragged the whole of greece into it.
  2. theyve always been liberators so shouldnt enslave greece with this alliance.
56
Q

What help do the spartans offer the athenians?

A

They will look after their women and other members incapable of fighting for as long as this war lasts

57
Q

How do the spartanas end their speech to the Athenians?

A

By insulting the barbarians

58
Q

What do the athenians tell Alexander?

A

That they will never make a pact with the barbarians because they are lovers of freedom and defend their gods and heroes

59
Q

What do the athenians say to the Spartans?

A

That it is shameful that they thought they would make a pact with the barbarians

60
Q

What are the 2 reasons the athenians give to the spartans about why they will never make a pact with the barbarians?

A
  1. Because they will act for full revemge against those who destroyed their homes and gifts for the gods.
  2. They are greek - share the same blood, speak the same language, have the same shrines of the gods and methods of sacrifice and the same customs.
61
Q

How do the athenians end their speech to the spartans?

A

By telling them to send their army because they imagine the barbarians will invade soon once he realises that they wont make a pact.

Classics (2 decks)

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