Hernias

Question 1

what are the most common types of hernia?

Answer 1

umbilical, inguinal and femoral

Question 2

what is an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 2

abdominal or pelvic contents push through defect in posterior wall of inguinal canal

Question 3

what is a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 3

abdominal or pelvic contents push through deep ring of inguinal canal

Question 4

what is a femoral hernia?

Answer 4

abdominal contents pushes through femoral canal

Question 5

umbilical hernias are more common in adults or young children?

Answer 5

young children

Question 6

what are the signs of hernias?

Answer 6

visible and/or palpable mass or bulge in groin that may not be reducible. Enlarges with standing and valsava manoeuvre

Question 7

investigations for hernias?

Answer 7

US
CT with contrast
herniography
MRI of groin

Question 8

management of asymptomatic inguinal hernia

Answer 8

watchful waiting

Question 9

management of symptomatic or large uncomplicated inguinal hernia, or femoral hernia

Answer 9

open-mesh or laparoscopic repair with prophylactic antibiotic therapy

Question 10

management of recurring inguinal or femoral hernia

Answer 10

laparoscopic mesh repair with prophylactic ABs

Question 11

which hernia has the highest risk of complications?

Answer 11

femoral

Question 12

what are the signs of a strangulated hernia

Answer 12

tender, distended abdomen with absent bowel sounds

Question 13

which prophylactic antibiotics are used for hernia repair?

Answer 13

cefazolin, vancomycin, clindamycin

Question 14

signs of obstructed hernia

Answer 14

dehydration, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting and constipation

Question 15

what is an incarcerated hernia?

Answer 15

stuck in the groin