HEridity Flashcards
Sex chromosomes
One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individuial
HEridity
The passsing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
Dominant Trait
The trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred
Recessive Trait
A trait that reappears in the second generation after dissappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
Genes
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA.
Alleles
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Genotype
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Probability
Probability is simply how likely something is to happen
Meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
Pedigree
A pedigree, as related to genetics, is a chart that diagrams the inheritance of a trait or health condition through generations of a family.
DNA
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA.
Nucleotide
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Mutations
the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (abbreviated RNA) is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA.
