heredity vocabulary Flashcards
the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another
Heredity
A dominant trait is an inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele
Dominant trait
A recessive trait is a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles or forms of a gene
Recessive trait
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Genes
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosomes
Alleles
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
Phenotype
the genetic constitution of an individual organism
Genotype
branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true
Probability
is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells
Meiosis
is a type of chromosome that participates in sex determination
Sex chromosomes
the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred
Pedigree
a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information
DNA
are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid
Nucleotide
is a change in a DNA sequence
Mutations
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells.
RNA
