heredity vocabulary Flashcards
heredity
the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
Dominant Trait
In genetics, a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it.
Recessive Trait
The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive.
Genes
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
Alleles
An allele is a variant form of a gene
Phenotype
A phenotype is an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type
Genotype
A genotype is an individual’s collection of genes.
Probability
Probability is the measure of the likeliness that an event will occur.
Homologous chromosomes
One chromosome of each homologous pair comes from the mother
meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
Sex chromosomes
a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.
Pedigree
the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred.
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information
Nucleotide
A nucleotide is one of the structural components, or building blocks, of DNA and RNA
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
