heredity vocab

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

Question 2

Dominant Trait

Answer 2

A dominant trait is an inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele

Question 3

Recessive Trait

Answer 3

A recessive trait is the weak, unexpressed trait of a dichotomous pair of alleles that has no effect in the phenotype of heterozygous individuals

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Question 8

Probability

Answer 8

Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information

Question 10

Sex chromosomes

Answer 10

A sex chromosome is a type of chromosome that participates in sex determination

Question 11

Pedigree

Answer 11

he record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred the recorded ancestry, especially upper-class ancestry, of a person or family

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes.

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Question 14

Mutations

Answer 14

A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals called mutagens, or infection by viruses

Question 15

RNA

Answer 15

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins