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Grade 9 (Heredity) > Heredity Topic > Flashcards

Heredity Topic Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to the basic unit of heredity that is passed from parents to offspring.

A

Gene

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2
Q

Chromosomes are made up of ___?

A

DNA and proteins

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3
Q

The complete set of genes in an organism

A

Genome

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4
Q

4 Nitrogenous Bases

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

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5
Q

Adenine is pair with ___?

A

Thymine

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6
Q

Guanine is pair with ___?

A

Cytosine

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7
Q

The nitrogenous base that is not found in DNA is _____.

A

Uracil

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8
Q

Scientists who discovered double helix structure of DNA

A

Watson and Crick

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9
Q

The change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information

A

Mutation

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10
Q

Male

A

XY

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11
Q

Female

A

XX

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12
Q

Organism’s genetic makeup

A

Genotype

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13
Q

Process where offspring inherit genes from both parents

A

Meiosis

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14
Q

The allele for blue eyes (B) is dominant over the allele for black eyes (bb). What is the genotype for a person with black eyes?

A

bb

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15
Q

Lack of melanin production due to genetic mutation

A

Albinism

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16
Q

John inherits a gene for brown eyes (recessive) from one parent and a gene for blue eyes (dominant) from the other, what will be John’s eye color?

A

Blue because dominant genes mask the effect of recessive genes

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17
Q

Purpose of crossing over during meiosis

A

It exchanges segments of DNA between homologous chromosomes

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18
Q

XY chromosome pair

A

Female

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19
Q

XX chromosome pair

A

Male

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20
Q

Role of Y chromosome in gender determination

A

Determines male characteristics

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21
Q

Ratio of offspring from a human couple

A

50% male, 50% female

22
Q

The chromosomes that determines the gender of an individual

A

X and Y chromosome

23
Q

Modification in the DNA sequence

A

Mutation

24
Q

Carries the genetic information that is part of nucleotide

A

Nitrogenous base

25
Q

Determines the specific traits that an organism will be expressed

A

Genetic information in the DNA

26
Q

Humans have ___ chromosomes in the body cell

A

46

27
Q

It directly packages and organizes the DNA within the chromosome

A

Histone protein

28
Q

This holds sister chromatids together during cell division

A

Centromere

29
Q

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determine the genetic information carried by a gene

A

Sequence of nitrogenous bases

30
Q

The chromosomes number 1 to 22 is called?

A

Autosomes or body chromosomes

31
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Determines the gender of an organism

32
Q

Example of Autosomes

A

Nose and hair color

33
Q

Refers to the observable expression of genotype

A

Phenotype

34
Q

Traits that mask the over trait

A

Dominant

35
Q

Traits that expressed only if both are connected alleles

A

Recessive

36
Q

A disorder where your blood doesn’t clot

A

Hemophilia

37
Q

What is the consequence of a single base pair change (mutation) in the sequence?

A

Protein coded by the gene may be altered

38
Q

What is the significance of alleles?

A

They are different forms of a gene that can result in variations of a trait.

39
Q

Factors that can cause mutation

A

*Exposure to radiation
*Exposure to chemicals

40
Q

Autosomes and sex chromosomes are crucial for human development because?

A

They determine all traits in an individual

41
Q

Sex chromosomes appear in ___.

A

23rd pair

42
Q

Autosomes are ___ pairs.

A

1-22

43
Q

Sex chromosome combinations of human

A

XX and XY

44
Q

Males are more prone to X-linked disorders because?

A

Males have only one X chromosome

45
Q

DNA bases pair

A

A-T
C-G

46
Q

DNA stands for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

47
Q

It was found tightly packed in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

A

Chromosomes

48
Q

It refers to the chromosomes that have the same size, shape, and genes.

A

Homologous chromosomes

49
Q

Long arm is called?

A

q arm

50
Q

A short arm is called ___.

A

p arm

Grade 9 (Heredity) (2 decks)

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