Heredity Test

Question 1

Define DNA

Answer 1

The genetic instructions for making each individual; can be found in the nucleus of each cell, is composed of nucleotides (special molecules) the order of the nucleotide creates your specific genetic code

Question 2

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 2

46

Question 3

Define a Chromosome

Answer 3

A tightly coiled piece of DNA

Question 4

Define a Gene

Answer 4

A section of DNA that codes for protein in the body (leads to the production of a trait)
DNA contains sections that code for specific traits called genes.

Question 5

Define Allele

Answer 5

One form of a gene (Blue eyes or no blue eyes)

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

The process of organisms producing sex cells (sperm, egg) 23 chromosomes

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

The process of eukaryotic cells (body cells) split into two identical daughter cells
For growth and repair

Question 8

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 8

One organism produces one or more new organisms (offspring) that are genetically identical to parent.

Question 9

What are the four types of Asexual Reproduction?

Answer 9

1.) Binary Fission: In prokaryotes, parent cell splits in two forming two new organisms
Example: Bacteria
2.) Budding: Organism develops tiny buds which grow until it becomes a full sized organism and separates from parent (mitosis)
3.) Spores: When an organism releases a specialized cell that can survive harsh conditions, develops into an organism
Example: Fungi
4.) Vegetative Reproduction: Any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant.

Question 10

What are the Pro’s and Con’s of Asexual Reproduction?

Answer 10

Pro’s: Occurs quickly, parent doesn’t need partner, identical to parents, everyone can reproduce.
Con’s: No variation-Everyone’s identical, Organisms won’t survive environmental changes, cannot adapt.

Question 11

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 11

Two parents each contribute a sex cell to a new organism, each organism has equal pairs of chromosomes (23 for humans), organism inherits half of DNA from each parent.

Question 12

Pro’s and Con’s of Sexual Reproduction

Answer 12

Pro’s: Produces genetically unique individuals, likely to survive changes in environment
Con’s: Requires two parents, reproduction occurs slowly

Question 13

Heredity

Answer 13

The passing of physical traits from parents to offspring (height, eye color, hair color)

Question 14

Genes

Answer 14

DNA contains sections that code for specific traits called genes

Question 15

Ribosome

Answer 15

Cell structure that reads the genes to make proteins, which then produces the trait.

Question 16

Mutations

Answer 16

Random changes in organisms genes, can be random errors or triggered by chemicals or radiation, if mutation is in sperm or egg cell DNA can be passed from parent to offspring

Question 17

What are the three types of Mutations?

Answer 17

1.) Deletion- A base has been deleted
2.) Substitution- A base has been switched with another base
3.) Addition- A new base has been added

Question 18

Allele

Answer 18

One of two (or more) alternative forms of a gene that are found in the same place on a chromosome
Each organism inherits 1 allele of each gene from each parent-one from mother and one from father

Question 19

Dominant

Answer 19

One whos trait always shows up when you match that allele

Question 20

Recessive

Answer 20

One whose trait is hidden whenever dominant allele is present must have 2 recessive traits

Question 21

Genotype

Answer 21

The genetic composition of an individual organism including all alleles they received
Ex: BB Bb

Question 22

Phenotype

Answer 22

Set of observable characteristics of an individual which comes from dominant alleles and environmental influences
Ex: Hair color

Question 23

Homzygous

Answer 23

Means having two of the same alleles for a gene

Question 24

Heterozygous

Answer 24

Means having two different alleles for each gene

Question 25

Nature

Answer 25

Genes influence the different traits we have, determine eye color, hair color, ear size, height and other physical traits, can influence personality but not to what extent it plays a role

Question 26

Nurture

Answer 26

The influences of our environment impact our behavior, environment, upbringing, social influences, also have impacts on behavior

Question 27

How are traits made?

Answer 27

Traits are made when a section of DNA called genes get read by the ribosome to make proteins which produce the trait