Heredity, Evolution, and Biodiversity

Question 1

The characteristic features of an individual.

Answer 1

traits

Question 2

Traits that are common.

Answer 2

high-frequency traits

Question 3

Genes can change and take on two or more alternative forms.

Answer 3

allele

Question 4

The allele that corresponds to tallness.

Answer 4

tall allele

Question 5

The allele that corresponds to shortness.

Answer 5

short allele

Question 6

An allele for a trait that always appears on or is expressed by several generations of a family of organisms.

Answer 6

dominant

Question 7

Mostly hidden, it needs two copies to express a trait.

Answer 7

recessive

Question 8

Individuals that inherit two different alleles for a trait.

Answer 8

heterozygous

Question 9

An individual has the same alleles for a trait.

Answer 9

homozygous

Question 10

When neither one is dominant over the other.

Answer 10

codominant

Question 11

A third physical trait, wherein the dominant and recessive traits combine, manifests.

Answer 11

incomplete dominance

Question 12

comes from the Greek words chroma, which means “color,” and soma, which means “body.” It is a structure found in the nucleus of cells and is made up of DNA.

Answer 12

chromosomes

Question 13

One of the two identical strands of a replicated chromosome.

Answer 13

chromatid

Question 14

Inside the chromatid are spirally coiled central threads.

Answer 14

chromonemata (plural) or chromonema (singular)

Question 15

The viscous fluid in the chromosome.

Answer 15

matrix

Question 16

The sister chromatids of a chromosome are linked by this.

Answer 16

centromere