Heredity and Genetics

Question 1

A permanent change in genetic material due to a change in the DNA sequence

Answer 1

Gene mutation

Question 2

The nucleotide base that binds with Adenine in an RNA sequence.

Answer 2

Uracil

Question 3

A double-stranded, helical nucleic molecule that contains nucleotides.

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

A building block of DNA or RNA, consisting of a sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Answer 4

Nucleotide

Question 5

DNA sugar

Answer 5

Deoxyribose

Question 6

One strand 3’ to 5’ and other strand 5’ to 3’

Answer 6

Antiparallel structure

Question 7

A chart that shows traits in a family from generation to generation

Answer 7

Pedigree

Question 8

Shape that represent males on the pedigree

Answer 8

Square

Question 9

Shape that represents females on the pedigree

Answer 9

Circle

Question 10

Passed by males to only their sons

Answer 10

Y-linked trait

Question 11

Sex cells(egg and sperm)

Answer 11

Gametes

Question 12

Someone who has the recessive allele for a trait, but the trait does not show in their phenotype

Answer 12

Carrier

Question 13

1 set of choromosomes, example: half the normal number

Answer 13

Haploid

Question 14

Structure containing DNA

Answer 14

Chromosome

Question 15

Difference due to genetic difference

e.g. eye colour, height, tongue rolling marking on fur

Answer 15

Genetic Variation

Question 16

The Allele pairs(the letters). Example: Aa Bb

Answer 16

Genotype

Question 17

The physical characteristics(blue eyes, brown hair, etc

Answer 17

Phenotype

Question 18

An allele (trait) always that shows, even if the individual only has one copy of the allele. Example: A or B

Answer 18

Dominant

Question 19

An allele (trait) that only shows if the individual has two copies of the recessive allele. Example: aa or bb

Answer 19

Recessive

Question 20

Two copies of the same dominant allele. It is represented by two Uppercase letters (AA or BB)

Answer 20

Homozygous dominant

Question 21

Two copies of the same recessive allele. It is represented by two Lowercase letters (aa)

Answer 21

Homozygous recessive

Question 22

Two different alleles of a gene. It is represented by an upper case and a lower case letter (Aa)

Answer 22

Heterozygous dominant

Question 23

Not purebred; heterozygous

Answer 23

Hybrid

Question 24

A group of 3 nucleotide bases

Answer 24

Codon

Question 25

The enzyme responsible for unzipping the double helix and breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs

Answer 25

Helicase