Heredity and Genetics Flashcards
A permanent change in genetic material due to a change in the DNA sequence
Gene mutation
The nucleotide base that binds with Adenine in an RNA sequence.
Uracil
A double-stranded, helical nucleic molecule that contains nucleotides.
DNA
A building block of DNA or RNA, consisting of a sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
Nucleotide
DNA sugar
Deoxyribose
One strand 3’ to 5’ and other strand 5’ to 3’
Antiparallel structure
A chart that shows traits in a family from generation to generation
Pedigree
Shape that represent males on the pedigree
Square
Shape that represents females on the pedigree
Circle
Passed by males to only their sons
Y-linked trait
Sex cells(egg and sperm)
Gametes
Someone who has the recessive allele for a trait, but the trait does not show in their phenotype
Carrier
1 set of choromosomes, example: half the normal number
Haploid
Structure containing DNA
Chromosome
Difference due to genetic difference
e.g. eye colour, height, tongue rolling marking on fur
Genetic Variation
The Allele pairs(the letters). Example: Aa Bb
Genotype
The physical characteristics(blue eyes, brown hair, etc
Phenotype
An allele (trait) always that shows, even if the individual only has one copy of the allele. Example: A or B
Dominant
An allele (trait) that only shows if the individual has two copies of the recessive allele. Example: aa or bb
Recessive
Two copies of the same dominant allele. It is represented by two Uppercase letters (AA or BB)
Homozygous dominant
Two copies of the same recessive allele. It is represented by two Lowercase letters (aa)
Homozygous recessive
Two different alleles of a gene. It is represented by an upper case and a lower case letter (Aa)
Heterozygous dominant
Not purebred; heterozygous
Hybrid
A group of 3 nucleotide bases
Codon
The enzyme responsible for unzipping the double helix and breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs
Helicase
