Heredity Flashcards
Heredity
The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring.
Dominant Trait
The trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred.
Recessive Trait
A trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred.
Genes
One set if instructions for an inherited trait.
Alleles
One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color.
Phenotype
An organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristics.
Genotype
The enttire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of the genes for or more specific traits.
Probability
Probability is used to measure the chances or likelihood of an event to occur, a hypothesis being correct, or a scientific prediction being true.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms used to produce the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells.
Sex chromosomes
One of the pair chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
Pedigree
A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are nucleic acids.
Nucleotide
In a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
Mutations
A change in the nitrogenous-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids.
