heredity Flashcards
heredity
the passing of of genetic traits from parent to offsping.
dominant trait
the trait observed in the first generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred.
recessive trait
a trait the reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred .
gene
one set of instructions for an inherited trait .
allele
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic ,such as hair color.
phenotype
an organism’s appearance or other delectable characteristics .
genotype
the entire genetic makeup of an organism.
probability
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event .
meiosis
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus ,which results in the production of sex cells .
homologous chromosomes
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
sex chromosomes
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the the sex of an individual .
pedigree
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family .
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that that a living thing inherits and needs to live.
nucleotide
in a nucleic-acid chain a subunit that consists of a sugar a phosphate , and a nitrogenous base .
RNA
ribonucleic acid a monocle that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production .
