Heredity Flashcards
Heredity
the passing of genetic trails from parent offspring.
Dominant Trait
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have have different traits are bred.
Recessive Trait
a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited.
Genes
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
Alleles
one of the alternative forms of gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
Phenotype
an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristics.
Genotype
the entire makeup of an organism, also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits.
Probability
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event.
Homologous chromosomes
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
Meiosis
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decrease to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the product of sex cells (gametes or spores)
Sex chromosomes
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
Pedigree
a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.
DNA
a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live.
Nucleotide
in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
RNA
a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production
