Heredity

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

1822-1884
Austrian Monk
Experimented with peas
Crossed plants that were true-breeding for a specific trait

Question 2

Why the Pea plant?

Answer 2

1. Commercially available
2. Easy to grow & matures quickly (90 days)
3. Sex organs are entirely encased
4. Different varieties of characteristics

Question 3

Principle of Dominance

Answer 3

When the individuals with contrasting traits are crossed, the offspring will express only the dominant trait

Question 4

Law of segregation

Answer 4

Inherited traits are determined by pairs of factors that separate in the gametes one in each gamete

Question 5

Punnet Square

Answer 5

Used to determine the outcome of the offspring between 2 individuals of a given trait

Question 6

Genotype vs Phenotype

Answer 6

Genotype - genetic makeup of an organism indicated by a combination or letters

Phenotype - the appearance of a trait in an organism

Question 7

Mendelian ration (for phenotypes)

Answer 7

3:1

Question 8

Mendelian ratio (for genotypes)

Answer 8

1:2:1

Question 9

Purebred

Answer 9

Descended from an ancestor who all share the same traits

Question 10

P Generation (P)

Answer 10

Designation for the parental generation

Question 11

Filial Generation (F1)

Answer 11

Offspring of a cross of parent organisms

Question 12

F2 generation

Answer 12

Offspring from the cross of the f1 generation

Question 13

Hybrid

Answer 13

An organism heterozygous for a trait

Question 14

Monohybrid across

Answer 14

A cross between two individuals involving one trait

Question 15

Dominant

Answer 15

Type of trait where the characteristic is always expressed

Question 16

Recessive

Answer 16

An allele that is latent and only expressed if no dominant is present

Question 17

Genes

Answer 17

A part of the chromosome that governs a specific trait and can be passed on

Question 18

Alleles

Answer 18

Alternate form of s the located at a particular place on the chromosome

Question 19

Homozygous

Answer 19

Having two of the same allele for a given trait

Question 20

Heterozygous

Answer 20

Having two different alleles for a given trait

Question 21

Purebred

Answer 21

Descended from an ancestor who all share the same traits

Question 22

P Generation (P)

Answer 22

Designation for the parental generation

Question 23

Filial Generation (F1)

Answer 23

Offspring of a cross of parent organisms

Question 24

F2 generation

Answer 24

Offspring from the cross of the f1 generation

Question 25

Hybrid

Answer 25

An organism heterozygous for a trait

Question 26

Monohybrid across

Answer 26

A cross between two individuals involving one trait

Question 27

Dominant

Answer 27

Type of trait where the characteristic is always expressed

Question 28

Recessive

Answer 28

An allele that is latent and only expressed if no dominant is present

Question 29

Genes

Answer 29

A part of the chromosome that governs a specific trait and can be passed on

Question 30

Alleles

Answer 30

Alternate form of s the located at a particular place on the chromosome

Question 31

Homozygous

Answer 31

Having two of the same allele for a given trait

Question 32

Heterozygous

Answer 32

Having two different alleles for a given trait

Question 33

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 33

Occurs when neither allele is dominant and so there is a blending

Question 34

Co-Dominance

Answer 34

Occurs when both alleles are dominant, so both are expressed (mosaic)

Question 35

Multiple Alleles

Answer 35

Can happen when more than 2 alleles affect the expression or the trait

Question 36

Sex-Linked Traits

Answer 36

Traits are linked to one of the sex chromosomes. They are inherited based on what sex you are

Question 37

Type A Blood

Answer 37

Antibodies A Antigen B Can have O and A

Question 38

Type B Blood

Answer 38

Antibodies B Antigen A B can have O and B

Question 39

Type AB Blood

Answer 39

Antibodies A Antibodies B Can have O, A and B

Question 40

Type O Blood

Answer 40

Antigen A and B Can give to anyone but can only receive from O

Question 41

Lethal alleles

Answer 41

Mutations in alleles that cause death Most are recessive (eg. Sickle cell anemia)

Question 42

Bar Bodies

Answer 42

One X chromosomes in every female cell is inactivated. Can result in different gene expression in different cells

Question 43

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 43

Many traits are controlled by more than 1 gene

Question 44

Modifier Genes

Answer 44

Work together with other genes to control the expression of a trait Ex. Brown eyes are dominant for melanin and blue eyes are recessive