Heredity Flashcards
the transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring
Heredity
in genetics, a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it
Dominant trait
The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive. For genes on an auto-some (any chromosome other than a sex chromosome), the alleles and their associated traits are autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive.
Recessive trait
A unit of heredity transferred from parent to offspring
Genes
One of two or more alternative forms of genes
Alleles
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Phenotype
The genetic constitution of an individual organism
Genotype
The extant in witch something is probable
Probability
One chromosome of each homologous pair comes from the mother (called a maternal chromosome) and one comes from the father (paternal chromsosome). Homologous chromosomes are similiar but not identical. Each carries the same genes in the same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same.
Homologous chromosomes
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores
Meiosis
a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds
Sex Chromosomes
the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred
Pedigree
the fundamental and distinctive characteristics or qualities of someone or something, especially when regarded as unchangeable
DNA
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Nucleotide
Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA
RNA
