heredity

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristics, such as hair color

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

the entire genetic makeup of an organism also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits

Question 3

phenotype

Answer 3

an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristics

Question 4

homozygous

Answer 4

having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics.

Question 5

heterozygous

Answer 5

having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics.

Question 6

dominant trait

Answer 6

having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics.

Question 7

Recessive Trait

Answer 7

In genetics, a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring. Recessive traits can be carried in a person’s genes without appearing in that person. For example, a dark-haired person may have one gene for dark hair, which is a dominant trait, and one gene for light hair, which is recessive. It is thus possible for two dark-haired parents to have a light-haired child, provided each parent contributes a gene for light hair.

Question 8

mitosis

Answer 8

the usual method of cell division, characterized typically by the resolving of the chromatin of the nucleus into a threadlike form, which condenses into chromosomes, each of which separates longitudinally into two parts, one part of each chromosome being retained in each of two new cells resulting from the original cell.

Question 9

meiosis

Answer 9

Cell Biology. part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid.

Question 10

Identical twins

Answer 10

one of a pair of twins, not necessarily resembling each other, or of the same sex, that develop from two separately fertilized ova.

Question 11

Fraternal twins

Answer 11

of or befitting a brother or brothers; brotherly.

Question 12

sex-linked disorder

Answer 12

any disease or abnormality that is determined by the sex hormones; “hemophilia is determined by a gene defect on an X chromosome”

Question 13

chromosome

Answer 13

any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order: the human species has 23 pairs, designated 1 to 22 in order of decreasing size and X and Y for the female and male sex chromosomes respectively.

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

the basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character.

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

2.

the set of nongenetic traits, qualities, or features that characterize a person or thing:

Question 16

DNA replication

Answer 16

is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance.

Question 17

double helix

Answer 17

the spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA.

Question 18

char-gaffs rule

Answer 18

state that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA. They were discovered by Austrian chemist Erwin Chargaff.

Question 19

mutation

Answer 19

Biology.
a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome.
an individual, species, or the like, resulting from such a departure.

Question 20

deletion

Answer 20

Genetics. a type of chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is removed or lost.

Question 21

insertion

Answer 21

Botany, Zoology.
the manner or place of attachment, as of an organ.
attachment of a part or organ, with special reference to the site or manner of such attachment.

Question 22

substitution

Answer 22

Chemistry. to replace (one or more elements or groups in a compound) by other elements or groups.