Heredity Flashcards
The diagram shows a pair of chromosomes, each of which has been duplicated in a Neurospora cell preparing for meiosis. The chromosomes have genotypes Ab and aB.
Label the blank boxes to predict the genotypes of each of the four daughter cells.
Boxes 1 & Boxes 2: Ab and AB
Boxes 3 & 4: aB and ab
B.H.2
Scientists collect two types of tissue samples from the ear and tail of two mice from the same litter.
What do the results of gel electrophoresis indicate about the DNA in lanes 1 and 2?
The DNA in lanes 1 and 2 are from the same organisms.
All cells within the same organism, that are not sex cells, contain the same DNA.
B.H.1
Scientists collect two types of tissue samples from the ear and tail of two mice from the same litter.
What do the results of gel electrophoresis indicate about the DNA in lanes 3 and 4?
The DNA in lanes 3 and 4 are from different organisms.
All cells within the same organism, that are not sex cells, contain the same DNA.
B.H.1
In 1961, scientists used repeating RNA segments such as …UGUGUGUGUGUG… to build amino acid chains. Based on the amino acid chains built, they assembled the codon chart shown.
Which diagram shows how RNA is read to produce an amino acid chain?
Diagram A
B.H.2
What amino acid chain would be built from the RNA segment …UGUGUGUGUGUG…?
…Cys-Cys-Cys-Cys…
B.H.2
Students investigate the effects of a single base mutation that occurs in a piece of DNA. The diagram shows the first 15 bases of the DNA template they are investigating. A thymine (T) nucleotide is mistakenly added between adenine (A) and cytosine (C) at the location marked by the arrow.
What mRNA sequence is produced from the mutated DNA template with an insertion mutation?
UAC AGC AUC CUA GGC C …
B.H.4
What are three effects of an insertion mutation on the protein produced?
- The protein will be shorter
- The protein will function differently
- The protein will be the same length but will have a different amino acid sequence
B.H.$
Plasmid DNA samples are taken from four bacteria species and treated with the same restriction enzyme. The treated DNA is then analyzed using gel electrophoresis. The results of the gel electrophoresis are shown in the diagram.
Which species has the most restriction enzyme recognition sites in its DNA? What evidence supports the choice of species with the most restriction enzyme recognition sites?
species 1 beacuse of the the number of bands in the gel lanes
What are the predicted genotypes of each of the four daughter cells after meiosis from the original pair of chromosomes Ab and aB?
- Ab
- aB
- ab
- AB
What characteristic explains how different types of cells found in the same plant can perform different functions?
They have different sets of genes that are active
B.H.1
In 1997, scientists in the United Kingdom announced the birth of Dolly, a female sheep, the world’s first mammal to be successfully cloned. Unlike naturally conceived offspring, cloned organisms share identical DNA sequences with their “parent,” the animal from which the DNA was obtained.
Why must Dolly’s ‘parent’ have been a female?
In mammals, sex is determined genetically, and for Dolly to be female (XX) her parent must have been female (XX).
B.H.5
A partial pedigree showing the recessive X-linked trait, colorblindness, within one family of mammals is shown. The Key shows the symbols for each genotype.
Place the symbols in each blank box to predict the possible traits of the offspring in the F1 and F2 generations.
What type of mutation is indicated by a change in the amino acid chain?
Can be Deletion, Insertion, or Substitution
Each type of mutation alters the resulting amino acid chain differently.
What investigative tool should be used to genetically compare two bacterial species?
gel electrophoresis
This technique separates DNA fragments to analyze genetic similarities.
In Labrador retriever dogs, the black coat color allele (B) is dominant over the chocolate coat color allele (b). However, some litters produce dogs that have a yellow coat color.
Scientists have determined this is because of a second gene that can influence coat color.
If this eumelanin gene is recessive for both alleles (e), the dog’s coat will be yellow regardless of the alleles for the other coat color gene.
A dog breeder sets up a cross between a dog that is homozygous dominant for coat color (BB) and heterozygous for eumelanin (Ee) with a dog that is homozygous recessive for coat color (bb) and heterozygous for eumelanin (Ee).
Place the dogs in the Punnett square to show the coat color phenotypes that would result from this cross.
A student studying feather color inheritance in a certain species of chickens observes that the chickens have black (homozygous), blue (heterozygous), or white (homozygous) feathers. The student hypothesizes that this feather color trait follows the incomplete dominance inheritance pattern.
Which data table would support the student’s hypothesis?
B.H.3
Which statement describes crossing over in meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA.
B.H.3
Which method do scientists use to confirm that crossing over occurs?
gel electrophoresis
This method can show genetic variation resulting from crossing over.
Which molecule was coded for by the longest piece of DNA, assuming that no post- transcriptional RNA processing or splicing has occurred?
- a protein with 25 amino acids
- a polysaccharide with 60 sugars
- an mRNA molecule with 20 codons
- an mRNA molecule with 45 nucleotides
a protein with 25 amino acids
B.H.2
The diagram shows the karyotype of a muscle cell from a wild sheep.
What can you determine based on the information in this karyotype?
- The sheep is male
- Sheep somatic cells are diploid
- Sheep gametes contain 27 chromosomes
B.H.1
A geneticist identifies cell types in four sexually reproducing organisms that display mutations. The results are shown in the table. A (+) symbol means a mutation was detected. A (‒) symbol means no mutations were detected.
Which organisms will pass the mutations to their offspring?
L and M because offspring genotypes are determined by gametes.
The symbols distinguish between mutated and non-mutated cells.
Coelatura is a genus of freshwater mussels. A researcher collects five species of Coelatura from the Nile river. The researcher takes DNA samples of each species and performs gel electrophoresis to find genetic similarity between the species. The diagram shows the results of the gel electrophoresis.
Select the two pairs of species that share the greatest genetic similarity based on the results of the gel electrophoresis.
C. prasidens and C. gaillardoti
AND
C. canopicus and C. aegyptiaca
B.H.5
What is the nucleic acid most commonly found in the nucleus?
DNA
B.H.2
What nucleic acid carries information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA
B.H.2
