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Science M3 > Heredity > Flashcards

Heredity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

____ is a segment of DNA found on chromosomes.

A

A gene.

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2
Q

Chromosomes contain?

A

the code for a protein

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3
Q

A chromosome is the structure made up of ______ and ____.

A

DNA and Proteins

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4
Q

How many chromosomes does each human cells have?

A

46 chromosome or 23 pairs

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5
Q

Chromosome 1-22, the same both men and women, are called ______.

A

Autosomes

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6
Q

chromosome 23 named??

A

sex chromosomes

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7
Q

Female chromosome??

A

two X chromosomes (XX)

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8
Q

Male chromosome??

A

X and Y (XY)

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9
Q

________ is a long, threadlike structure.

A

A chromosome

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10
Q

A chromosome is composed of?? (3)

A

Chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein.

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11
Q

A chromosome are found in the??

A

nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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12
Q

A chromosome play role of what??

A

play role in carrying and transferring genetic information.

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13
Q

the two copies of a chromosome are called what? and joined what where??

A

sister chromatids and joined at the centromere.

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14
Q

thread of DNA, made up of string of gene.

A

Chromosome

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15
Q

a length of DNA that is the unit of heredity and codes for a specific protein. A ____ may be copied and passed on to the next generation.

A

Gene

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16
Q

any of two or more alternative forms of a gene.

A

Allele

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17
Q

any of two or more alternative forms of a gene.

A

Allele

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18
Q

a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g. sperm and egg)

A

HAPLOID NUCLEUS

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19
Q

a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g. in body cells)

A

DIPLOID NUCLEUS

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20
Q

Passing traits from parents to offspring through genetic information. It involves the transmission of genetic materials.

A

Heredity

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21
Q

Basic example of Heredity and inherited traits (6)

A

1.eye colour
2.Hair colour
3.Blood type
4.inherited diseases
5.height
6.skin pigmentation

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22
Q

Structure found in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information in the form of gene.

A

Chromosome

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23
Q

Human have ____ chromosome.

A

46 chromosome

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24
Q

Human have 46 chromosome organized into ____ pairs.

A

23 pairs.

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25
Q

23 pairs of chromosome divide into 2 type and there are?

A

autosome and sex chromosome

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26
Q

Chromosome pairs 1 - 22

A

Autosome

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27
Q

contain gene that determine various traits and characteristics ( not include sex)

A

Autosome

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28
Q

The 23rd pair is known as the …?

A

sex chromosome.

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29
Q

determine an biological sex chromosome.

A

sex chromosome.

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30
Q

OC. dog

A

78

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31
Q

OC. Horse

A

64

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32
Q

chimpanzee

A

48

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33
Q

human

A

46

34
Q

porcupine

A

48/34

35
Q

cat

A

38

36
Q

Fly

A

12

37
Q

Mosquito

A

6

38
Q

Potato

A

48

39
Q

Tomato

A

24

40
Q

Rice

A

24

41
Q

Read bean

A

22

42
Q

corn

A

20

43
Q

papaya

A

18

44
Q

Onion

A

16

45
Q

Cucumber

A

14

46
Q

Any change in the nucleotide sequence as a result of failure of the system to revert the change.

A

Mutation

47
Q

A chromosome is founding in the??

A

nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

48
Q

chromosome play important role in?

A

carrying and transferring genetic information.

49
Q

two copied of chromosome are called?

A

sister chromatids

50
Q

chromatin resembles a string of beads. the beads are called?

A

nucleosomes.

51
Q

A ________ is DNA wrapped around histone proteins, helping to compact DNA in the cell nucleus.

A

nucleosome

52
Q

Each nucleosome is composed of DNA wrapped around protein called what?

A

histones.

53
Q

______ are a type of protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

A

Histones

54
Q

_____ are fundamental units of heredity

A

Genes

55
Q

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries genetic information organized into units called _____??

A

genes.

56
Q

______ is a laboratory procedure that allows a physician to examine a patient’s set of chromosome

A

karyotyping

57
Q

_______ allows your physician to determine whether there are any abnormalities or structural problems

A

karyotyping

58
Q

______ is made up of long strands of tightly coiled (twisted) DNA wrapped around proteins.

A

Chromosome

59
Q

______ is the “string like” material that makes up chromosomes.

A

Chromatin

60
Q

______ is made up of DNA and proteins

A

Chromatin

61
Q

_____ are proteins

A

Histones

62
Q

____ act as a spool which chromatins wraps around.

A

Histones

63
Q

____ pack large amounts of chromatin into the nucleus.

A

Histones

64
Q

______ are the chromatin and protein units

A

Nucleosomes

65
Q

______ are like “beads on a string”

A

Nucleosome

66
Q

______ is a large molecule that contains the instructions for making proteins in an organism.

A

DNA

67
Q

_____ is shaped like a twisted ladder, also known as double helix

A

DNA

68
Q

The length of DNA from one of your cells that is uncoiled )not twisted) and placed end to end.

A

6feet / 1.8 meters

69
Q

The length across a cells’ nucleus, which hold your DNA

A

0.002 inches/0.005 cm

70
Q

Genes in the human genome

A

~20,000

71
Q

_____ is two chemical bases joined together.

A

Base pairs

71
Q

DNA has a total of how many chemical bases?

A

4

72
Q

_____ refers to a pairs of nucleotide bases that are complementary to each other and form the building blocks of DNA.

A

Base pairs

73
Q

The four nucleotide bases found in DNA are?

A

adenine (A)
thymine (T)
cytosine (C)
guanine (G)

74
Q

pairs of base pairs?

A

-Adenine pairs with thymine
-cytosine pairs with guanine

75
Q

The base pairs are held together by?

A

Hydrogen bonds

76
Q

______ is made up of two strands that form a double helix

A

DNA

77
Q

-Adenine pairs with thymine
-cytosine pairs with guanine is known as?

A

complementary base pairing.

78
Q

How many base pairs are in human genome

A

3.2 millions

79
Q

surrogacy involves
the insemination of the surrogate mother’s egg with sperm, either from the
intended father or a sperm donor. As a result, the child is genetically related to
the surrogate mother.

A

traditional surrogacy

80
Q

the surrogate mother does
not contribute genetically to the child. The child born through gestational
surrogacy is not genetically related to the surrogate mother but is instead
genetically related to the intended parents or the donors of the genetic material
used to create the embryo.

A

Gestational Surrogacy

Science M3 (8 decks)

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