Heredity Flashcards
____ is a segment of DNA found on chromosomes.
A gene.
Chromosomes contain?
the code for a protein
A chromosome is the structure made up of ______ and ____.
DNA and Proteins
How many chromosomes does each human cells have?
46 chromosome or 23 pairs
Chromosome 1-22, the same both men and women, are called ______.
Autosomes
chromosome 23 named??
sex chromosomes
Female chromosome??
two X chromosomes (XX)
Male chromosome??
X and Y (XY)
________ is a long, threadlike structure.
A chromosome
A chromosome is composed of?? (3)
Chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein.
A chromosome are found in the??
nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
A chromosome play role of what??
play role in carrying and transferring genetic information.
the two copies of a chromosome are called what? and joined what where??
sister chromatids and joined at the centromere.
thread of DNA, made up of string of gene.
Chromosome
a length of DNA that is the unit of heredity and codes for a specific protein. A ____ may be copied and passed on to the next generation.
Gene
any of two or more alternative forms of a gene.
Allele
any of two or more alternative forms of a gene.
Allele
a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g. sperm and egg)
HAPLOID NUCLEUS
a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g. in body cells)
DIPLOID NUCLEUS
Passing traits from parents to offspring through genetic information. It involves the transmission of genetic materials.
Heredity
Basic example of Heredity and inherited traits (6)
1.eye colour
2.Hair colour
3.Blood type
4.inherited diseases
5.height
6.skin pigmentation
Structure found in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information in the form of gene.
Chromosome
Human have ____ chromosome.
46 chromosome
Human have 46 chromosome organized into ____ pairs.
23 pairs.
23 pairs of chromosome divide into 2 type and there are?
autosome and sex chromosome
Chromosome pairs 1 - 22
Autosome
contain gene that determine various traits and characteristics ( not include sex)
Autosome
The 23rd pair is known as the …?
sex chromosome.
determine an biological sex chromosome.
sex chromosome.
OC. dog
78
OC. Horse
64
chimpanzee
48
human
46
porcupine
48/34
cat
38
Fly
12
Mosquito
6
Potato
48
Tomato
24
Rice
24
Read bean
22
corn
20
papaya
18
Onion
16
Cucumber
14
Any change in the nucleotide sequence as a result of failure of the system to revert the change.
Mutation
A chromosome is founding in the??
nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
chromosome play important role in?
carrying and transferring genetic information.
two copied of chromosome are called?
sister chromatids
chromatin resembles a string of beads. the beads are called?
nucleosomes.
A ________ is DNA wrapped around histone proteins, helping to compact DNA in the cell nucleus.
nucleosome
Each nucleosome is composed of DNA wrapped around protein called what?
histones.
______ are a type of protein found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Histones
_____ are fundamental units of heredity
Genes
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries genetic information organized into units called _____??
genes.
______ is a laboratory procedure that allows a physician to examine a patient’s set of chromosome
karyotyping
_______ allows your physician to determine whether there are any abnormalities or structural problems
karyotyping
______ is made up of long strands of tightly coiled (twisted) DNA wrapped around proteins.
Chromosome
______ is the “string like” material that makes up chromosomes.
Chromatin
______ is made up of DNA and proteins
Chromatin
_____ are proteins
Histones
____ act as a spool which chromatins wraps around.
Histones
____ pack large amounts of chromatin into the nucleus.
Histones
______ are the chromatin and protein units
Nucleosomes
______ are like “beads on a string”
Nucleosome
______ is a large molecule that contains the instructions for making proteins in an organism.
DNA
_____ is shaped like a twisted ladder, also known as double helix
DNA
The length of DNA from one of your cells that is uncoiled )not twisted) and placed end to end.
6feet / 1.8 meters
The length across a cells’ nucleus, which hold your DNA
0.002 inches/0.005 cm
Genes in the human genome
~20,000
_____ is two chemical bases joined together.
Base pairs
DNA has a total of how many chemical bases?
4
_____ refers to a pairs of nucleotide bases that are complementary to each other and form the building blocks of DNA.
Base pairs
The four nucleotide bases found in DNA are?
adenine (A)
thymine (T)
cytosine (C)
guanine (G)
pairs of base pairs?
-Adenine pairs with thymine
-cytosine pairs with guanine
The base pairs are held together by?
Hydrogen bonds
______ is made up of two strands that form a double helix
DNA
-Adenine pairs with thymine
-cytosine pairs with guanine is known as?
complementary base pairing.
How many base pairs are in human genome
3.2 millions
surrogacy involves
the insemination of the surrogate mother’s egg with sperm, either from the
intended father or a sperm donor. As a result, the child is genetically related to
the surrogate mother.
traditional surrogacy
the surrogate mother does
not contribute genetically to the child. The child born through gestational
surrogacy is not genetically related to the surrogate mother but is instead
genetically related to the intended parents or the donors of the genetic material
used to create the embryo.
Gestational Surrogacy
