heredity Flashcards
heredity
he passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
Dominant Trait
a trait that appears more frequently than another trait, resulting from interactions between gene alleles.
Recessive Trait
the weak, unexpressed trait of a dichotomous pair of alleles (dominant-recessive) that has no effect in the phenotype of heterozygous individuals.
Genes
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Alleles
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
. Genotype
the genetic constitution of an individual organism
Probability
how likely something is to happen
Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes
Sex chromosomes
the X and the Y chromosome
Pedigree
A diagram that shows relationships among family members
DNA
the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms
Nucleotide
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Mutations
the action or process of mutating.
RNA
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
