Hereditary Tumors (Review) LE2

Question 1

Question:
Which oncogene, represented by three capital letters (hint: think of “Anaplastic”), is associated with familial neuroblastoma and is often linked to neuroblastoma, a type of cancer that arises from immature nerve cells?

Answer 1

Answer:
- Symbol: ALK
- Name: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (Ki-1)
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Neuroblastoma
- Cancer Syndrome: Familial Neuroblastoma

Question 2

Question:
Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by three capital letters (hint: think of “Adenomatous”), is associated with adenomatous polyposis and is linked to various cancer types such as colorectal, pancreatic, desmoid tumors, hepatoblastoma, gliomas, and other central nervous system tumors?

Answer 2

Answer:
- Symbol: APC
- Name: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Gene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, desmoid tumors, hepatoblastoma, gliomas, other CNS tumors
- Cancer Syndrome: Adenomatous Polyposis

Question 3

Question:
Which tumor suppressor genes, each symbolized by a combination of letters and a number (hint: “Breast Cancer”), are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, with one gene also linked to pancreatic cancer?

Answer 3

Answer:
- Symbol: BRCA1
- Name: Familial Breast/Ovarian Cancer Gene 1
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Breast cancer, ovarian cancer
- Cancer Syndrome: Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer

• Symbol: BRCA2
  
  • Name: Familial Breast/Ovarian Cancer Gene 2
  • Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer
  • Cancer Syndrome: Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer

Question 4

Question:
Which oncogene, symbolized by four characters that include an abbreviation for “Cyclin-Dependent Kinase” (hint: think of “Cell Cycle Regulation”), is associated with familial malignant melanoma and is primarily linked to melanoma?

Answer 4

Answer:
- Symbol: CDK4
- Name: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Melanoma
- Cancer Syndrome: Familial Malignant Melanoma

Question 5

Question:
Which oncogene, symbolized by four letters (hint: think of “Epidermal Growth”), is associated with familial lung cancer and is primarily linked to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)?

Answer 5

Answer:
- Symbol: EGFR
- Name: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral [v-erb-b] Oncogene Homolog, Avian)
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
- Cancer Syndrome: Familial Lung Cancer

Question 6

Question:
Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by two capital letters (hint: think of “Fumarate”), is associated with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, and is primarily linked to tumors such as leiomyomas and renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 6

Answer:
- Symbol: FH
- Name: Fumarate Hydratase
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Leiomyomas, Renal cell carcinoma
- Cancer Syndrome: Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer

Question 7

Question:

Which gene, symbolized by four characters including a combination of letters and a number (hint: think of “Glypican”), is associated with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome and is primarily linked to Wilms’ tumor?

Answer 7

Answer:
- Symbol: GPC3
- Name: Glypican 3
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Wilms’ tumor
- Cancer Syndrome: Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome

Question 8

Question:
Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by five characters including a combination of letters and a number (hint: think of “Hyperparathyroidism”), is associated with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome and is primarily linked to parathyroid adenomas and multiple ossifying jaw fibromas?

Answer 8

Answer:
- Symbol: HRPT2
- Name: Hyperparathyroidism 2 (Parafibromin)
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Parathyroid adenoma, multiple ossifying jaw fibroma
- Cancer Syndrome: Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Syndrome

Question 9

Question:
Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by four characters that represent a “Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia” (hint: think of “Endocrine Neoplasia”), is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and is linked to tumors such as parathyroid adenomas, pituitary adenomas, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and carcinoids?

Answer 9

Answer:
- Symbol: MEN1
- Name: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Gene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Parathyroid adenoma, pituitary adenoma, pancreatic islet cell tumor, carcinoid
- Cancer Syndrome: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1)

Question 10

Question:
Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by two characters followed by a number (hint: think of “Neurofibromatosis”), is associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 and is primarily linked to tumors such as neurofibromas and gliomas?

Answer 10

Answer:
- Symbol: NF1
- Name: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Neurofibroma, glioma
- Cancer Syndrome: Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Question 11

Question:
Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by two characters followed by a number (hint: think of “Neurofibromatosis”), is associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 and is primarily linked to tumors such as meningiomas and acoustic neuromas?

Answer 11

Answer:
- Symbol: NF2
- Name: Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Gene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Meningioma, acoustic neuroma
- Cancer Syndrome: Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Question 12

Question:
Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by four characters (hint: think of “Patched”), is associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and is primarily linked to skin basal cell carcinomas and medulloblastomas?

Answer 12

Answer:
- Symbol: PTCH
- Name: Homolog of Drosophila Patched Gene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Skin basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma
- Cancer Syndrome: Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome

Question 13

Question:
Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by four characters (hint: think of “Phosphatase and Tensin”), is associated with Cowden syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, and is primarily linked to tumors such as hamartomas, gliomas, prostate cancer, and endometrial cancer?

Answer 13

Answer:
- Symbol: PTEN
- Name: Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Gene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Hamartoma, glioma, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer
- Cancer Syndromes: Cowden Syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome

Question 14

Question:

Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by three characters (hint: think of “Retinoblastoma”), is associated with familial retinoblastoma and is primarily linked to tumors such as retinoblastoma, sarcoma, breast cancer, and small cell lung cancer?

Answer 14

Answer:
- Symbol: RB1
- Name: Retinoblastoma Gene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Retinoblastoma, sarcoma, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer
- Cancer Syndrome: Familial Retinoblastoma

Question 15

Question:

Which proto-oncogene, symbolized by three characters (hint: think of “Ret”), is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A and 2B, and is primarily linked to tumors such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma?

Answer 15

Answer:
- Symbol: RET
- Name: Ret Proto-Oncogene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Medullary thyroid carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma
- Cancer Syndrome: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2A/2B

Question 16

Question:

Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by five characters (hint: think of “Guardian of the Genome”), is associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and is linked to a wide variety of tumors including breast cancer, sarcomas, adrenocortical carcinoma, gliomas, and many others?

Answer 16

Answer:
- Symbol: TP53
- Name: Tumor Protein p53
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Breast cancer, sarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, glioma, multiple other tumor types
- Cancer Syndrome: Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Question 17

Question:

Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by three characters (hint: think of “Hippel-Lindau”), is associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and is primarily linked to tumors such as renal cell carcinoma, hemangiomas, and pheochromocytomas?

Answer 17

Answer:
- Symbol: VHL
- Name: Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome Gene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioma, pheochromocytoma
- Cancer Syndrome: Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

Question 18

Question:

Which tumor suppressor gene, symbolized by three characters and a number (hint: think of “Wilms’ Tumor”), is associated with familial Wilms’ tumor and is linked to syndromes such as Denys-Drash and Frasier syndrome?

Answer 18

Answer:
- Symbol: WT1
- Name: Wilms’ Tumor 1 Gene
- Tumor Types (Germline Mutations): Wilms’ tumor
- Cancer Syndromes: Denys-Drash Syndrome, Frasier Syndrome, Familial Wilms’ Tumor