Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CAM > Herbs and toxicities > Flashcards

Herbs and toxicities Flashcards

1
Q

Arnica indications

A

Bruising and swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Topical Arnica AEs

A 
Itching
Rash
Petechiae
Dry skin
High dose: vesicles/necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PO arnica AEs

A 
Stomach irritation
Dry mouth
HA
Drowsiness
Dore tongue
Lethargy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Arnica DDIs

A

Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets
Antihypertensives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the CIs of arnica?

A

PO: pregnancy/lactation
Topical: broken/damaged skin
General: Allergy to asteraceae family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Arnica cautions

A 
NSAID
Anticoagulants
Oral corticosteroids
Homeopathic use
Bleeding/bruising disorder
Pregnancy/lactation
Severe liver/kidney disease
Malignancy
Infection
Immunodeficinecy
Metabolic syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arnica active ingredients

A

Arnica Lactones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arnica MOA

A

Inhibit NF-kB - reduces synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX2, and NO synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Butterbur indication

A

Migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Butterbur AEs

A 
GI (belching)
Dermal sx
Dizziness
HA
Drowsiness
Fatigue
N/V/D
Stomach pain
Flatulence
Allergic conjunctivitis
Eye/skin discoloration
Sneezing
Mild elevations in liver enz
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Butterbur DDIs

A

Use with other herb/supplement that contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Use with 3A4 inducers
Anticholinergics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Butterbur CIs

A

Hypersensitivity to asteraceae family

Pregnant/Breasfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Butterbur active ingredient

A

Iso-petasin (inflammation)

Petasin (antispasmodic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Butterbur MOA

A

Anti-inflammatory - inhibits lipooxygenase pathway and leukotriene synthese
Antispasmodic - cause smooth muscle and vascular wall relaxation
Petasins have high affinity for cerebral blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fenugreek Indication

A

DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fenugreek AEs

A 
Diarrhea
Dyspepsia
Ab distention
Flatulence
May cause hypoglycemia
In healthy males: decrease serum K levels, dizziness, hunger, and increased urination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fenugreek DDIs

A

Impairs absorption of other PO meds

May enhance hypothrombinemic effect of anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fenugreek DDIs

A

Pregnancy/lactation
Allergy/hypersensitivity to fabaceae family
Allergies to peanuts, chickpeas, and coriander d/t cross reactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fenugreek active ingredient

A

4-hydroxyisoleucine

20
Q

Fenugreek MOA

A

Stimulate secretion and improve glucose tolerance by direct stimulation of pancreatic beta cells

21
Q

Guggul indication

A

Hypercholesterolemia

22
Q

Guggul AEs

A 
Rhabdomyolysis
Rash
Ab pain
Diarrhea
HA
Restlessness
Hiccups
23
Q

Guggul DDIs

A

Decreased bioavailability of propranolol/diltiazem
Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets

24
Q

Guggul CIs

A 
Thyroid disorder
Pregnant patients (stimulates period)
25
Q

Guggul Active ingredient

A

Guggulsterones E and Z

26
Q

Guggul MOA

A

May decrease hepatic steroid production, ultimately increasing the catabolism of plasma LDL. Active components may increase hepatic binding sites for LDL thus increasing clearance

27
Q

Melatonin Indication

A

Managing sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder

28
Q

Melatonin AEs

A 
Morning drowsiness
Increased enuresis
Ha
Dizziness
Diarrhea
Rash
Hypothermia
29
Q

Melatonin DDIs

A

Inhibitors of 1A2 (TCAs, fluvoxamine, cimetidine) increase melatonin
Pts who take BP/DM meds should be monitored since melatonin may decrease BP or serum glucose

30
Q

Melatonin MOA

A

Production stimulated by darkness

Biosynthesized from tryptophan which is converted to serotonin and ultimately to melatonin

31
Q

Pycnogenol indication

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

32
Q

Pycnogenol AEs

A 
GI upset (take with food)
Dizziness
HA
N/D
Acne and uterine bleeding in women
33
Q

Pcynogenol DDIs

A

Immunosuppresants

Pts w/MS, SLE, RA or autoimmune disorders

34
Q

Pycnogenol CIs

A

Pregnant/lactating

Children <6 yo

35
Q

Pycnogenol precautions

A

CV disorders
DM
Bone/join disorders
Confirmed/suspected h/o thrombosis

36
Q

Pycnogenol active ingredient

A

Procyanidins

37
Q

Pycnogenol MOA

A

Enhance vascular endothelial function
Reduce capillary permeability
Improve microcirculation

38
Q

Botanicals that are known to be toxic?

A 
Comfrey
Sassafras
Coltsfoot
Pennyroyal oil
Germander
Chaparral
Bayberry
Epheda
Licorice
Wormwood
39
Q

Comfrey and Coltsfoot toxic ingredients and toxicity

A

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Hepatotoxic/carcinogenic

40
Q

Sassafras toxic ingredient and toxicity

A

Safrole

Carcinogenic

41
Q

Pennyroyal toxic ingredient and toxicity

A

Pulegone

Hepatotoxicity

42
Q

Germander toxic ingredient and toxicity

A

Furanoditerpenes

Hepatotoxicity

43
Q

Chaparral toxic ingredient and toxicity

A

Nordihydro-guaiaretic acid

Hepatotoxicity/nephrotoxicity

44
Q

Bayberry toxic ingredient and toxicity

A

Tannins

Carcinogenic

45
Q

Ephedra toxic ingredient and toxicity

A

Ephedrine

CV

46
Q

Licorice toxic ingredient and toxicity

A

Glycyrrhizic acid
HTN
Na and water retention
HF

47
Q

Wormwood toxic ingredient and toxicity

A

Thujone
Convulsions
Psychotic effects

CAM (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions