Herbs Flashcards
What are indications for Garlic use
anti-lipedemic anti-microbial anti-inflammatory anti-asthmatic
What components of Garlic potentiate bleeding?
ajoene allicin sulfur containing compounds
What portion of garlic causes the potent smell
allicin
How does garlic cause anti platelet effects
acts on arachidonic pathway
What are indications for Gingko use
Brain stuff- prevent decreased cerebral function peripheral vascular insufficiency with Alzheimers disease improve memory
What are indications for Ginseng use
Anti-cancer, slows again prevent heart attack reduce hypertension improve digestion strengthen immunity CNS stimulant
What are indications for ginger use
motion sickness decrease arthritis pain and inflammation upset stomach
What are indications for feverfew use
anti-inflammatory (RA) fever reduction prevent migraine muscle soreness
What are indications for use of fish oils
skin disorders cardio protection diabetes headache immune support memory PMS ulcerative colitis
What are the indications for St. John’s Wort
depression
What are the indications for Vitamin E use
Antioxidant
What are the indications for use of Echinacea
common cold cough bronchitis
What are the indications for Kava-Kava
anxiety stress relief muscle tranquilizer
What are the indications for use of Licorice
GI disorders antitussive apthous ulcers herpes simplex
What are the indications for use of Valerian
sedative anxiety depression
What are the active ingredients of Gingko
Terpenoids
What are the active ingredients of Ginseng
Ginsenosides
What are the active ingredients of ginger
pungent principles volatile oils proteolytic enzymes
What are the active ingredients of feverfew
sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide
What are the active ingredients of St. John’s wort
hyperforin hypericin flavanoids tannins
What active ingredient of St. John’s Wort is involved with neurotransmitter reuptake
Hyperforin
What active ingredient of St. John’s Wort induces cytochrome P450
hypericin
What active ingredient of St. John’s Wort is involved with bleeding
hypericin
What herbs alter efficacy of warfarin
Few E G’s
medications with what therapeutic range are at a greater risk for adverse HDS-drug interactions
narrow therapeutic range
What herb decreases effects of corticosteroids
echinacea
What herb causes apthous ulcers and irritation to the oral mucosa
feverfew (15% of pts)
What HDS potentiate effects of CNS depressants
Kava-Kava, Valerian
What HDS are contraindicated with pregnancy
Feverfew, Kava-Kava, Licorice
What herb causes hypertension
licorice
What vitamin effects Vitamin K on clotting factors
Vitamin E
How long do you hold herbal use prior to surgery
14 days
What herb causes difficulty to awaken after anesthesia
St. John’s Wort, Kava-Kava
Two websites for reliable herbal information
CAM on PubMed and naturalstandard.com
What is important to know about a patients herbal use
is it in place of or as an adjunct to conventional treatment
What are some of the most popular products used by adults according to 2007 survey
fish oil, glucosamine, echinacea, flaxseed, ginseng
What are the most common supplements used according to 2007 survey
multivitamins, Vitamins E and C, calcium, B-complex vitamins
Who is at most risk for adverse HDS-drug interactions due to polyherbacy and polypharmacy
geriatric
What drug is the most commonly involved in HDS-drug interaction
warfarin (Coumadin)
Most common reasons for supplement use among adults
improve general health, arthritis, colds, memory
What drugs report the most HDS-drug interactions
warfarin, insulin, aspirin, digoxin, ticlopidine
From vitamins, minerals, and herbs… which is most likely to be the cause of HDS-drug interactions
herbs
Would you say patients are aware or unaware of adverse bleeding effects of supplements?
unaware
What 2 effects does garlic have on platelets?
anti platelet by inhibiting PAF and adenosine
Which drug has a risk for severe spontaneous bleeding with concurrent aspirin use and warfarin
Ginkgo
In what ways does ginseng cause anti platelet effects?
inhibit PAF, thrombin and thromboplastin
What potentiates bleeding with aspirin, NSAIDS, warfarin and heparin
ginseng
What herb causes increased photosensitivity and irritation to oral mucosa and tongue
feverfew
How much fish oil do you have to take to increase risk for hemorrhagic stroke?
a crap ton
What herb is involved with 5-HT reuptake inhibition?
St. John’s wort
What herb reduces effect of warfarin and lowers INR
St. John’s wort
What herb renders oral contraceptives ineffective
St. John’s wort
What supplements are hepatotoxic
echinacea, Kava-Kava
What are dental considerations with patients on supplements
synergistic drug effects with aspirin and NSAIDS, monitor patients on warfarin, cross reference all prescriptions to avoid HDS-drug interaction
