Herbology 1 Flashcards
1
Q
stalk/stem/vine
A
Caulis; Teng
2
Q
leaf
A
Folium; Ye
3
Q
flower
A
Flos; hua
4
Q
Entire above ground part of plant
A
Herba; Cao
5
Q
bone
A
Os; Gu
6
Q
underground part of plant
A
Rhizoma; Ben or Gen
7
Q
bark/peel/skin
A
Cortex; Pi
8
Q
peel/husk/skin
A
Pericarpium; Pi
9
Q
wood
A
Lignum; Mu
10
Q
small branch/twig
A
Ramulus; Zhi
11
Q
root/roots
A
Radix/Radices; Ben or Gen
12
Q
fruit/seed/nut
A
Fructus/Semen; Zi or Ren
13
Q
pin yin for Promote diaphoresis
A
han
14
Q
pin yin for clear heat
A
qing
15
Q
pin yin for purging
A
xia
16
Q
pin yin for harmonizing
A
he
17
Q
pin yin for warming
A
wen
18
Q
pin yin for tonifying
A
bu
19
Q
pin yin for sedating
A
xiao
20
Q
pin yin for induce vomiting
A
tu
21
Q
mutual accentuation
A
xiang xu; help each other, catalyst, same action
22
Q
mutual enhancement
A
xiang shi; employ each other, have different functions with same end goal
23
Q
mutual counteraction
A
xiang wei; side effects of one herb are reduced or eliminated by another. first herb fears a detoxifer
24
Q
mutual suppression
A
xiang sha; detoxifier, kills toxicity. similar to mutual counteraction, this is the herb that is the reducer of the side effects.
25
mutual antagonism
xiang wu; aversion, no effect, mutually neutralize each other's effects. 8 pairs in common use.
26
mutual incompatibility
xiang fan; oppose toxic effect. 2 toxic substances put together will no longer be toxic.
27
single effect
dan xing; use of a single substance
28
king/chief
Jun; main function of formula, largest proportion
29
deputies/minister
chen; support monarch, address secondary imbalances/complaints
30
assistants
zuo; reinforce monarch and deputy or treat lesser coexisting patterns - helpful assistant; reduce toxicity of monarch or deputy - corrective assistant; paradoxical assistance - opposing assistant
31
guide/envoy
shi; focus actions on particular organ, channel, or region to target the formula or harmonize and integrate the formula
32
essential properties of an herb
temperature, taste, channels entered, function, indications, contraindications, dosage
33
essential properties of a category
names, general properties, pathomechanisms, patterns treated, etiology of patterns treated, indications and contraindications
34
spicy/acrid
yang, move and circulate stagnation, disperse up and out, LU/LI
35
sweet
yang, tonify, harmonize, relax, strengthen, SP/ST
36
salty
yin, purge downward, soften hardness, KD/UB
37
bitter
yin, drain downward, dry, HT/SI
38
sour
yin, astringe, absorb, contain, LV/GB
39
bland
yang, promote urination, leech out dampness, no organ system
40
pin yin for herbal combinations
dui yao
41
pin yin for herbal preparations
pao zhi
42
pin yin for honey
ui
43
pin yin for cooked preparations
zhi
44
calcining
duan fa. assists pulverization of shells and minerals and increases astringent action
45
pin yin for herbal prep without heat
sheng
46
pin yin for decoction
tang
47
pin yin for draft - raw powder cooked in water
san
48
pin yin for pills
wan
49
pin yin for cinnabar coated pill
dan
50
pin yin for powder/granules that have been cooked
san
51
pin yin for syrup
gao
52
pin yin for herbal plaster
gao
53
pin yin for medicinal wine
jiu
54
herb processing
pao zhi. general term for defining a group of methods of preparing the ingredients of the chinese materia medica
55
main methods of herb prep
simple, water prep, fire prep, combined water and fire
56
simple prep
sheng. no heat used. Washing, pulverization, cutting, defatting
57
pin yin for cooked prep
shu.
58
water prep
shui zhi. rinse and wash, moistening, soaking, aqueous titration
59
fire prep
huo zhi. stir-frying solo (chao fa), stir-fry with added components (bran, rice, honey, vinegar, wine, salt water, ginger juice)
60
combined water and fire prep
steaming, boiling, scalding, dip-calcining, distilling, fermenting, germination
61
methods of delivery
decoctions, drafts, pills, powders, syrups, plasters, wines
62
decoctions
tang. most common method in china. quick absorption, acute or evolving symptoms, can tailor, time consuming, bad smell and taste, expensive
63
drafts
zhu san. powders decocted for a short period of time. herbs prepped as powdered formula cooked after mixing. taken in smaller doses, less mess and smell.
64
Pills
Wan. convenient, affordable, less tailored, absorb slowly, milder than powder or decoctions
65
prepared medicine vs. loose herb formula
zhong cheng yao vs. yin pian
66
powders/granules
san. cooked before powdered - opposite of drafts zhu san. can be tailored, less $, more convenient to store. mid-range efficacy, between decoctions tang and pills wan.
67
syrups
gao. reduced further than a decoction tang and combined with honey. common for sore throats, coughs.
68
plasters
gao. external application in trauma, burns, and dermatological syndromes. can be a paste or applied to cloth. usually combined with sesame oil or beeswax.
69
medicinal wines
jiu. steeping medicinals in wine. move qi and blood, unblock vessels. used in trauma, arthritis, as tonics. highly concentrated tinctures and extracts.
70
2 types of herb-drug interactions
pharmacokinetic: can change absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination.
pharmacodynamic: can alter the way in which a drug or herb effects a tissue or organ system. more difficult to predict. can be synergistic or antagonistic.
71
highest risk for cross-reaction:
diuretics, cardiovascular drugs, anti-coagulants, anti-diabetics, sympathetic drugs.
72
notable herb food interactions:
green veggies: high Vit K can clot blood so be careful on blood thinners.
Grapefruit juice: contains enzyme which increases drug absorption and serum estradiol.
minerals and antacids: inhibit absorption
73
endangered substances
bear gall bladder, pangolin scales, tiger bone, macaque stone (bezoar hairball), turtle shell, rhino horn.
74
obsolete substances
endangered and unsafe things. cinnabar (mercury), calomel, realgar, borax, opium poppy husk, nux vomica. ch. 19 in bensky
75
unavailable substances
plants: aloe, dendrobium, some ginsengs
animals: seahorse, musk, tortoise shell
bensky appendix 4 p. 1145 for adulterant pictures and text
76
special decoction: decoct first
toxic, minerals, shells
77
special decoction: add near end
aromatic, some herbs have different function emphasis based on time
78
special decoction: decoct wrap separate
seeds, powders, hairs
79
special decoction: decoct separate
double boil, ginseng
80
special decoction: dissolve in strained decoction
melt sticky
81
special decoction: take with strained decoction
expensive herbs, chaser
