Herbivory & Non Chemical Plant Defence Flashcards

1
Q

Provide a working definition of herbivory.

A

Herbivory: consumption of living plant tissue by animals.

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2
Q

What does a folivore eat? Provide an example of an animal which falls under this category of herbivore.

A

Foliage; koala.

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3
Q

What does a xylophage eat? Provide an example of an animal which falls under this category of herbivore.

A

Wood (xylem); termite.

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4
Q

What does a rhizophage eat? Provide an example of an animal which falls under this category of herbivore.

A

Roots; witchetty grub.

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5
Q

What does a mucivore eat? Provide an example of an animal which falls under this category of herbivore.

A

Phloem sap; aphid.

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6
Q

What does a nectarivore eat? Provide an example of an animal which falls under this category of herbivore.

A

Flower nectar; flying fox.

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7
Q

What does a palynivore eat? Provide an example of an animal which falls under this category of herbivore.

A

Pollen; bee.

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8
Q

What does a frugivore eat? Provide an example of an animal which falls under this category of herbivore.

A

Fruit; cassowary.

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9
Q

What does a granivore eat? Provide an example of an animal which falls under this category of herbivore.

A

Seeds; ant.

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10
Q

Herbivores can be broadly categorized into two groups known as ______________ and _______________.

A

Generalists; specialists.

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11
Q

Give an example of a generalist herbivore.

A

Brush tail possum.

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12
Q

Give an example of a specialist herbivore.

A

Koala, ringtail possum.

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13
Q

Give an example of a extreme herbivory (an outbreak).

A

Forest tent caterpillars can feed en masse (mild grazing can become severe predation).

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14
Q

List some consequences of herbivory.

A
  • reduced photosynthetic capacity
  • reduced biomass + carbs
  • loss of nutrients
  • diminished reproductive output
  • enhanced pathogen accessibility
  • reduced biotic & abiotic stress tolerance
  • death
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15
Q

List two strategic disadvantages of plants.

A
  • leaves must be displayed to capture light

- plants cannot move to escape from herbivores

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16
Q

What are the two broad ways in which plants respond to herbivory?

A
  • Tolerance (the ability to survive herbivory)

- Avoidance (the ability to limit or avoid herbivory).

17
Q

Tolerance to herbivory is divided into two types:

____________ and _____________.

A

Compensation; replacement.