Herbicide

Question 1

What is an Active Ingredient?

Answer 1

The chemicals in a formulated product that are principally responsible for herbicidal effects and are shown as active ingredients on herbicide labels.

Question 2

What is an Adjuvant?

Answer 2

Any substance in an herbicide formulation or added to the spray solution that enhances the herbicide’s effectiveness.

Question 3

What is an Annual?

Answer 3

A plant that completes its life cycle from seed to maturity in one year.

Question 4

What is a Biennial?

Answer 4

A plant that completes its life cycle in two years. The first year the seed germinates; the plant roots and produces a cluster of leaves (called a rosette), and stores food. The second year it flowers and produces fruits and seeds.

Question 5

What is a Perennial?

Answer 5

A plant that lives for more than two years.

Question 6

Which weeds are the most persistent and difficult to control?

Answer 6

Perennials. The only effective control method for a large perennial grass infestation is to treat the infested area with a nonselective herbicide followed by the complete turf renovation in the treated area.

Question 7

What are the 3 ways weeds are most commonly spread?

Answer 7

By wind, water and animals.

Question 8

What are the 3 classifications of plants?

Answer 8

Annuals, biennials and perennials.

Question 9

Herbicides need to be absorbed by the plant and are either applied in what 3 ways?

Answer 9

Foliar applied, soil applied or mechanically applied.

Question 10

How do dandelions spread?

Answer 10

They have a parachute-like attachment that carries the seed in the wind.

Question 11

How do weeds like kochi, Russian thistle and some mustards spread?

Answer 11

The entire plant moves or tumbles with the wind, dropping seeds as it rolls.

Question 12

How do mammals, birds and humans assist in the spread of weeds?

Answer 12

Some plants have seed shapes that cling to feathers, hair and clothing. Wild or domestic animals ingest and excrete some seeds that survive the digestive process. People unintentionally move weeds long distances by way of the equipment we use.

Question 13

How does water contribute to the spread of weeds?

Answer 13

Rain, irrigation and surface runoff can transport many seeds due to an oily coating on there outer skin.

Question 14

What is Basagran?

Answer 14

A Photosynthesis Inhibitor that is foliar applied, and is a contact herbicide.

Question 15

What is Roundup?

Answer 15

An Amino acid synthesis inhibitor that can be foliar or soil applied, and is translocated through the plant.

Question 16

What are growth regulators?

Answer 16

They disrupt the hormone balance and protein synthesis in plants, causing growth abnormalities. These herbicides are translocated and mostly foliar applied. examples are 2-4-D and Banvel and it’s in the chemical family of Pyridines.

Question 17

What are Amino acid synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 17

they prevent the production of amino acids that form proteins and are fundamental to normal plant development. These herbicides translocate through plants from soil or foliar applications. an example of this is Roundup and its in the chemical family of Imidazolinones

Question 18

What are lipid inhibitors?

Answer 18

they prevent production of fatty acids that make cell membranes and are required for new plant growth. They’re effective against most annual and perennial grasses. an example of this would be Poast and its chemical family is Cyclohexanediones.

Question 19

What are seedling growth inhibitors?

Answer 19

They interfere with new plant growth, stopping normal seedling root or shoot development. They are soil applied. examples are Surflan, Gallery, Pennant and Treflan and its chemical family Acetanilides and Thiocarbamates.

Question 20

What are photosynthesis inhibitors?

Answer 20

They interfere with photosynthesis (conversion of water and carbon dioxide to sugar in the presence of sunlight). the triazine, phenylurea, and uracil herbicides are root or foliar absorbed and translocated to leaves. while nitrile and benzothiadiazole herbicides do not translocate and must be applied post emergence for contact action. an example would be Basagran and Buctril.
chemical family includes triazine, phenylurea, uracil, nitrile and benzothiadiazole,

Question 21

What are cell membrane disrupters?

Answer 21

they destroy plant tissue by rupturing plant cell membranes. they are contact herbicides and must be applied postemergence. great for annual weeds and cause rapid necrosis. examples include Diquat, Gramoxone and Goal. chemical family includes Bipyridyliums and Diphenyl ethers.

Question 22

What are pigment inhibitors?

Answer 22

They prevent plants from forming chlorophyll used in photosynthesis. These soil-applied herbicides translocate to plant leaves. The affected leaves turn white or translucent. examples include Command, Solicam and Evital. chemical family isoxazolidinones and pyridazinones.

Question 23

What type of plant is crabgrass?

Answer 23

Summer annual. Because it grows from a seed that sprouts in the spring. They grow, mature, produce seed and die before winter.

Question 24

What type of plant is chickweed?

Answer 24

Winter annual. It grows from a seed that sprouts in the fall. They grow, mature, produce seed and die before summer.

Question 25

What type of plant is a Bull Thistle?

Answer 25

Biennial. It has a 2 year life cycle. Grows from a seed and develops a heavy root and compact cluster of leaves (called a rosette) the first year. In the second year it matures, produces seed, and then dies.

Question 26

What type of plants are dandelions and plantain’s?

Answer 26

Perennials. They can live for more than 2 years.

Question 27

What 3 variables affect the amount of spray solution that is applied to an area?

Answer 27

Nozzle output (tip), nozzle spacing or width, and ground speed.