Hepatitis Viruses

Question 1

What family of viruses is hepatitis A? (Characteristics : shape, ss/ds,family, naked or enveloped?)

Answer 1

icosahedral, Naked, RNA, (+) SS , picorna virus

Question 2

What is the incubation time for hepatitis A? How is it transmitted?

Answer 2

Incubation time is about 30 days. It is transmitted by close contact or contaminated food/water.

Question 3

What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?

Answer 3

pain in upper right quadrant , jaundice (more frequent in children and young adults) or elevated ALT/AST, dark urine, clay colored stool. (nausea, anorexia, fever and malaise)

Question 4

About how long does hepatitis A last? Is it a mild or chronic disease?

Answer 4

It lasts up to 2 weeks and it is a mild disease.

Question 5

Prevention/Therapy for Hepatitis A?

Answer 5

immune serum globulin, inactivated vaccine given in 2 doses at 6 months apart(given to children at 1 year old), and supportive therapy.

Question 6

What family of viruses is hepatitis E? (Characteristics : shape, ss/ds,family, naked or enveloped?)

Answer 6

icosahedral,(+) ss RNA, hepevirus, naked

Question 7

How many serotypes and genotypes does hepatitis E have?

Answer 7

One serotype, and 4 genotypes

Question 8

How is hepatitis E transmitted?

Answer 8

contaminated food/water

Question 9

What is the incubation time for hepatitis E?

Answer 9

Incubation time is about 2-6 weeks

Question 10

What percentage of hepatitis E is asymptomatic? Who has a higher risk of mortality/morbidity? Fatality?

Answer 10

95% is asymptomatic. Mortality/morbidity is higher in developing countries. Fatality is higher in pregnant women.

Question 11

What family of viruses is hepatitis C? (Characteristics : shape, ss/ds,family, naked or enveloped?)

Answer 11

hepacivirus, icosahedral, enveloped, (+) ss RNA

Question 12

How is hepatitis C transmitted?

Answer 12

transmitted by blood

Question 13

What is the incubation time for hepatitis c? What does hep c result in 30% of the time?

Answer 13

incubation time is about 6-7 weeks . it results in jaundice.

Question 14

Is hepatitis c a mild or chronic infection?

Answer 14

It is chronic (70%)

Question 15

Hepatitis C antivirals?

Answer 15

simeprevir, sofosbuvir, declatasvir, lidipasvir, velpatasvir

Question 16

What family of viruses is hepatitis B? (Characteristics : shape, ss/ds,family, naked or enveloped?)

Answer 16

hepadenavirus, enveloped, icosahedral, ds DNA , circular.

Question 17

HBV polymerase is ?

Answer 17

reverse transcriptase

Question 18

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

Answer 18

transmitted by blood and mucosal contact

Question 19

What is the incubation time for hepatitis b?

Answer 19

incubation time is about 60-90 days

Question 20

There is a lower incidence of illness in what age group for hepatitis b?

Answer 20

young children

Question 21

There is a higher incidence of illness of persistence of hepatitis B in what age group?

Answer 21

young children

Question 22

Hepatitis B pathogenesis?

Answer 22

Hepatotropic , causes liver damage due to host response, chronic active carrier dont make antibodies to HBsAg.

Question 23

Host CTL activity in HBV?

Answer 23

viral mutation can still get decent T cell response. Immunologic tolerance in children.

Question 24

Hepatitis Delta virus has what genome type and is it positive or negative sense?

Answer 24

RNA genome , negative sense

Question 25

Purpose of HDAg-S and HDAg-L in Hepatitis Delta virus ?

Answer 25

HDAg-S is required for HDV replication. HDAg-L inhibits replication and is required for virion formation.

Question 26

Hepatitis Delta virus is a satellite of which virus? Where is its envelope derived from?

Answer 26

it is a satellite of hepatitis B virus and its envelope is derived from hepatitis b virus.

Question 27

Coinfections of HBV and HDV result in?

Answer 27

Acute type B and acute type D hepatitis

Question 28

Superinfection of chronic hepatitis b virus carried by hepatitis delta virus results in?

Answer 28

Severe acute hepatitis and chronic type D hepatitis.