Hepatitis Virus Flashcards
How many virus and how are they split?
5 main
- A+E - faecal oral spread
- B,C,D - spread vertical/ sexual transfer
What is hepatitis?
General term - inflammation of liver
Cause hepatitis?
Infectious: viral, bacterial
Non-infectious: alcohol, drugs, autoimmune
What is a virus?
Nuclei acid surrounded proteinaceous capsid
Can have further lipid membrane
What is Hep A?
RNA - picronavirus
2 week incubation - 4-10 day prodrome –> resolve
Vaccination available
How does IgM and IgG work?
IgM produced first time host is exposed antigen
IgM then decline - host produce IgG
IgM indicate acute or primary infection, IgG - past infection
What is Hep B?
dsDNA which multiplies in hepatocytes
Parenteral route of transmission
Carrier rate of Hep B?
2-5% develop chronic carrier state - infective particles in blood
Healthy carriers - pt doesn’t develop damage but viral antigen produce due to integration of HBV into hepatocytes
What is the infective form of HBV and the HBV genes?
Dane particle - whole vision
Genes
- S -surface antigen
- C -pre c = core protein - broken down to make HBeAg
- P - polymerase
- X- regulatory
What is a good indication of liver damage?
ALT+ levels - alanine aminotransfer
High levels in live cell - good indication of damage if high levels in serum
How is Hep B diagnosed in lab?
Difference chronic and acute?
Look for levels of hep B surface antigen - HBsAg
Hep B e antigen - indicate high level of replication and blood/bodily fluids infected
Acute HBV - presence HBsAg and IgM antibody to core antigen = HBcAg
Chronic HBV - persistent HBsAg for 6 months (w/ or w/p HbeAg)
What is hepatitis D?
Defective RNA virus - coexist HBV (outer coat derived HBsAg)
What is Hep C?
ssRNA - hepacivirus
Two vids glycoproteins E1, E2 - E2 responsible for attachment
Epidemiology of Hep C?
IVDA
Needle stick
Tattoos
Ear piercings
Why is diagnosis hep C hard?
Ab take 6 week to 6 month to form
