Hepatitis A

Question 1

is a worldwide, acute self-limited disease transmitted

via the fecal-oral route.

Answer 1

Hepatitis A virus

Question 2

HAV is primarily detected in _____ feces and infects people via the
fecal–oral route.

Answer 2

Contaminated feces

Question 3

Outbreaks occur primarily in cases of_______.

Answer 3

poor sanitation

Question 4

Risk Factors for Acquiring HAV:

Answer 4

• International Travelers to endemic areas
• Shellfish infected with HAV
• Daycare centers or household contacts with ppl infected with HAV
• HealthCare workers
• IV drug users using unsterilized needles
• Workers involved with nonhuman primates
• Food service handlers
• Patients with clotting factor disorders
• Individuals residing in healthcare institutions

Question 5

Structure?

Answer 5

• single-stranded RNA virus.

- Primary host? Human

Question 6

Main site for viral replication

Answer 6

• Hepatic cells

Question 7

As part of the viral degradation process, the HAV is released into the biliary
system causing

Answer 7

elevated concentration of the virus in the feces

Question 8

Can Hepatitis A develop into chronic infection?

Answer 8

No; Its self-limiting

However, may rarely result in fulminant hepatitis

Question 9

Symptoms?

Answer 9

• Usually Asymptomatic
• However, Symptomatic Patients: A flu-like syndrome (fevers,
  fatigue/malaise), anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dark urine, paleappearing stools, pruritus, and abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

Question 10

In fulminant hepatitis with hepatic encephalopathy, patients may experience

Answer 10

Coma and Asterixis

Question 11

Extra-hepatic symptoms?

Answer 11

arthritis, postcervical

lymphadenopathy, palmar erythema, cryoglobulinemia, and vasculitis.

Question 12

Diagnosis of Viral Hepatitis

Answer 12

• Difficult cz ppl are asymptomatic
• Lab Serologies
• Liver function tests

Question 13

the definitive test to determine the

amount of damage and inflammation of hepatic cells is a

Answer 13

liver Biopsy

Question 14

The diagnosis of hepatitis A is made by detecting

Answer 14

immunoglobulin antibodies

to the capsid proteins of the HAV.

Question 15

LOOK AT FIGURE PG.5

Answer 15

LOOK AT FIGURE PG.5

Question 16

IgM appears approximately

Answer 16

3 weeks after exposure and becomes undetectable within 6 months

Question 17

When does IgG anti-HAV appear?

Answer 17

• appears in the serum at approximately the same

time IgM anti-HAV

Question 18

What does IgG anti-HAV indicate?

Answer 18

protection and lifelong immunity

against hepatitis A.

Question 19

The majority of people infected with HAV can be expected to fully recover
without ________

Answer 19

clinical sequelae

Question 20

Nearly all individuals will have clinical resolution within _____months of the
infection, and a majority will have done so by 2 months.

Answer 20

6

Question 21

The ultimate goal of therapy is:

Answer 21

• Complete clinical resolution;
  -Reducing complications from the infection;
  -Normalization of liver function;
  -Reducing infectivity and transmission.
  -Prevention of HAV infection is important because significant costs are
  accrued during acute HAV infections, from both direct costs of
  hospitalizations and indirect costs from loss of work days.

Question 22

Treatment?

Answer 22

• No specific treatment
• Need supportive care
• Prevention and Prophylaxis are key to manage the virus

Question 23

___ is used for pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis, and offers passive
immunity. Active immunity is achieved through vaccination.

Answer 23

Ig

Question 24

LOOK AT FIGURE PG.7

Answer 24

LOOK AT FIGURE PG.7