Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastroenterology > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is hep A and how does it spread?

A
  • RNA picornavirus

- faeco-oral - water (shellfish)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prognosis and outcomes with hep A:

A
  • typically benign, self-limiting
  • serious outcome rare
  • no chronic disease (so no increased risk HCC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who is at risk of hep A?

A
  • Asia and Africa

- mwhswm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Incubation period of hep A:

A

2-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hep A immunisation:

A
  • effective vaccine
  • after initial dose, booster 6-12 months later
  • given to: >1yo if travelling or residing in areas of prevalence, chronic liver disease, haemophilia, mwhswm, IV drug users, occupational risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of virus is hep B?

A

double stranded DNA hepadna virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the incubation period of hep B?

A

6-20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is hep B transmitted?

A

infected blood or bodily fluids, vertical transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complications of hep B:

A
  • chronic: ground glass hepatocytes
  • fulminant liver failure
  • HCC
  • GN
  • polyarteritis nodosa
  • cryoglobulinaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management of hep B:

A
  • pegylated interferon-alpha: reduces replication increased 30% in chronic carriers
  • tenofovir, entecavir, telbivudine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hep B and pregnancy:

A
  • screening of all pregnant women
  • chronically infected/acute during pregnancy - full course of vaccines and hep B immunoglobulin
  • cannot be transmitted via breastfeeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hep B immunisation:

A
  • children vaccinated at 2, 3 and 4 months
  • at risk groups vaccinated
  • contains HBsAg absorbed onto aluminium hydroxide adjuvant prepared from yeast cells using recombinant DNA technology
  • 10-15% respond poorly to 3 doses (>40yo, obesity, smoking, alcohol excess and immunosuppression)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anti-HBs levels in response to vaccine:

A

> 100: indicates adequate response, booster at 5 years
10-100: suboptimal response - additional vaccine given (not if immunocompetent)
<10: non-responder - test for current or past infection, further course (3 doses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serology of acute hep B:

A
  • HbsAg
  • <6 mo
  • also in chronic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serology of immunity to hep B:

A
  • anti-HBs
  • post exposure or immunisation
  • negative in chronic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Serology of previous or current infection to hep B:

A
  • anti-HBc
  • IgM - acute or recent (lasts 6 months)
  • IgG - persists
17
Q

What is the marker for infectivity in hep B:

A

-HBeAg

18
Q

What type of virus if hep C:

A

RNA flavivirus

19
Q

Incubation period hep C:

A

6-9 weeks

20
Q

How is hep C transmitted:

A
  • needle stick injury
  • vertical transmission
  • sexual intercourse
  • IV drug users and blood transfusion pre 1991
21
Q

Chronic hep C and complications:

A
  • majority develop chronic hep C
  • HCV RNA >6 months
  • rheumatological: arthralgia, arthritis
  • eye problems: Sjogren’s
  • cirrhosis
  • HCC
  • cryoglobulinaemia: type II
  • porphyria butane tarda (PCT)
  • membranoproliferative GN
22
Q

Management of hep C:

A
  • depends on genotype
  • clearance 95%
  • combo of protease inhibitors e.g. daclatasvir and sofosbuvir or sofosbuvir and simeprevir (with or without ribavirin)
  • no vaccine
23
Q

Complications with hep C treatments:

A
  • ribavirin ADR: haemolytic anaemia, cough, women should not become pregnant within 6 months of stopping
  • interferon alpha ADR: flu like, depression, fatigue leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
24
Q

What type of virus if hep D:

A

single stranded RNA

25
Q

How does hep D spread?

A
  • parenteral spread
  • incomplete RNA that requires hep B surface antigen to complete replication and transmission cycle
  • superinfection: high risk of fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis
  • bodily fluids
26
Q

How can you treat hep D?

A

interferon

27
Q

What type of virus if hep E:

A
  • RNA hepevirus

- no chronic or increased risk HCC (unless immunocompromised)

28
Q

How does hep E spread?

A

feaco-oral

29
Q

Incubation period of hep E:

A

3-8 weeks

30
Q

Where is hep E common?

A
  • central and south east Asia
  • North and West Africa
  • Mexico
31
Q

Who does hep E particularly affect?

A

significant mortality during pregnancy

32
Q

Ischaemic hepatitis:

A
  • diffuse hepatic injury from acute hypoperfusion
  • not inflammatory
  • inciting event e.g. cardiac arrest
  • marked increased aminotransferase levels
  • often in conjunction with AKI or end-organ dysfunction
33
Q

Who does autoimmune hepatitis most commonly affect and what is it associated with?

A
  • most commonly young females

- other autoimmune conditions, hypergammaglobulinaemia, HLA B8 and DR3

34
Q

Type I autoimmune hepatitis:

A
  • ANA
  • SMA
  • adults and children
35
Q

Type II autoimmune hepatitis:

A
  • LKM1

- children only

36
Q

Type III autoimmune hepatitis:

A
  • soluble liver-kidney antigen

- middle aged adults

37
Q

Features of autoimmune hepatitis:

A
  • signs of chronic liver disease
  • acute hepatitis: fever, jaundice
  • amenorrhoea
  • ANA/SMA/LKM1 antibodies
  • increased IgG
38
Q

Management of autoimmune hepatitis:

A
  • steroids, other immunosuppressants e.g. azathioprine

- liver transplant

Gastroenterology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions