Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is hepatitis ?

A

A systemic viral infection
Necrosis & inflammation of the liver cells
Can also be caused by ETOH, mediations, chemicals, autoimmune disease, and metabolic abnormalities
RARELY caused by bacteria

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2
Q

Hepatitis A

A
  • Fecal- Oral
  • poor hygiene, sanitation, contaminated foods
  • HAVRIX vaccine (Prevention)
  • Vaqta (Prevention)
  • Immunoglobulin (prophylaxis)
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3
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • Blood-borne pathogen
  • can cause acute or chronic hepatitis
  • having Hep B can lead to having Hep D
  • RECOMBBIVAX vaccines (Prevention)
  • HBIG (Hep B Immunoglobulin) (Prophylaxis)
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4
Q

Hepatitis C

A
  • Blood-borne pathogen
  • bookRNA virus transmitted percutaneously
  • No vaccine (Prevention)
  • No post exposure treatment (prophylaxis)
  • book most common cause of chronic liver disease and liver failure
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5
Q

Hepatitis D

A
  • Blood-Borne pathogen
  • requires Hep B to replicate
  • RECOBBIVAX (Prevention)
  • book* HBV vaccine reduces the risk of HDV
  • HBIG (Hep B Immunoglobulin) (Prophylaxis)
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6
Q

Hepatitis E

A
  • Fecal-Oral
  • acquired by drinking contaminated water (developing countries)
  • No Vaccine ( Prevention)
  • Enteric Precautions (wear grown, gloves, good hand hygiene etc.)
  • No Prophylactic measures
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7
Q

Diagnostic testing

A
Ag= Antigen (I have it) (Viral load)
IgM= Antigen  (I have it) (Viral load)
IgG= Antibody ( I had it) ( I made antibodies)
Ab= Antibody ( I had it) ( I made antibodies)
Anti= Antibody ( I had it) ( I made antibodies)
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8
Q

Pharmacological Management Hepatitis A

A
  • No meds for acute HAV infection
  • HAV vaccine (prevention)
  • EXPOSURE: IG Immunoglobulin given !
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9
Q

Pharmacological management Hepatitis B

A

Goal: decrease viral load & AST ALT levels
#1. Interferon (SE bad) block virus from entering cell
- meant to be taken 1 yr but patient will d/c after few months due to SE
#2. Nucleoside Analogs (Antiviral) suppress HBV replication
- Tenorovir, Entecavir, Lamivudine

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10
Q

Pharmacological management Hepatitis C

A

Goal: eradicating/ reducing viral load & slow progression of HCV

  • Individualize Base on GENOTYPE
  • Direct Acting Antivirals: Block protein needed for HCV replication
  • Harvoni
  • 12 week therapy
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11
Q

Nutritional support

A
Adequate nutrient & rest assist the liver to regenerate 
⬆️ Protein
⬆️ Carbs
⬇️ Fats
- Fluid intake: 2500-3000 ml/day
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12
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

Chronic HBV identified by HBsAG ( Hep B Antigen:I have it) for longer than 6 months.

bookHCV infection is more likely than HBV to become chronic
This can develop in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Once you have HCV 20-30 yr increase incidence of Liver cancer

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13
Q

Clinical manifestations

A
  • anorexia - dark urine, light stool - low grade fever
  • N/V - weight loss
  • ⬇️sense of smell
  • RUQ discomfort
  • pruritus, jaundice
  • Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
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